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Welcome to Unit 2 Any Questions?

Welcome to Unit 2 Any Questions?. Getting Ready For Project 1: Unit 3. Read assignment carefully Review Rubric and use as checklist Proof read carefully. Don’t depend on Spell Check alone! Use APA writing style. See sample paper in Doc Sharing.

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Welcome to Unit 2 Any Questions?

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  1. Welcome to Unit 2Any Questions?

  2. Getting Ready For Project 1: Unit 3 • Read assignment carefully • Review Rubric and use as checklist • Proof read carefully. Don’t depend on Spell Check alone! • Use APA writing style. See sample paper in Doc Sharing. • Use KU Library, rather than the Internet to find your articles. If you aren’t familiar with the library, click on the link and take the orientation tour. • Questions?

  3. Applied Behavior Analysis is grounded in Principles of Learning • Learning • any process through which experience at one time can alter an individual’s behavior at a future time • A relatively enduring change in behavior or knowledge that is due to past experience

  4. The study of LEARNING formed the basis for the approach in Psychology known as Behaviorism

  5. BEHAVIORISM IS: • The attempt to understand observable activity in terms of observable stimuli and observable responses • IMPORTANT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF BEHAVIORAL THEORY • PAVLOV • WATSON • THORNDIKE • SKINNER

  6. Types of Learning Respondent or Classical Conditioning Operant Learning BF Skinner Behavior that is shaped by consequences I study hard for this test and get a high grade, so I study hard next test too. I come to work all week and get paid, so I keep coming to work The more projects I complete, the more I get paid, so I work as fast as I can • Ivan Pavlov • Behavior that is reflexive elicited by a stimulus) • When I smell food, I salivate • When I smell bad food, I gag • When A puff of air is blown in my face, I blink

  7. Important Terms Ivan Pavlov: Founder of the practice of Classical Conditioning Respondent Conditioning: Synonymous term for Classical Conditioning. Unconditioned Stimulus: A stimulus that naturally produces a response Unconditioned Response: A response that is naturally produced by the subject. Neutral Stimulus: A stimulus which normally does not elicit the response. Conditioned Stimulus: The formerly neutral stimulus which after pairing produces the response Conditioned Response: The response when produced by the Conditioned Stimulus (formerly neutral stimulus). Involuntary behavior: Behavior that can be modified through the use of Classical Conditioning.

  8. Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936) Russian Physiologist Won a Nobel Prize for studying digestion in dogs

  9. Pavlov and Classical Conditioning Conditioning: The process of learning associations between environmental events (stimuli) and responses PAVLOV’S DOGS (re-enactment, of course) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpoLxEN54ho

  10. Pavlov’s Dogs • Digestive reflexes and salivation • Psychic secretion

  11. Neutral Stimulus—Bell Does not normally elicit a response or reflex action by itself • a bell ringing • a color • a furry object

  12. Unconditioned Stimulus—Food Always elicits a reflex action: an unconditioned response • food • blast of air • noise

  13. Unconditioned Response —Salivation A response to an unconditioned stimulus—naturally occurring • Salivation at smell of food • Eye blinks at blast of air • Startle reaction in babies

  14. Conditioned Stimulus—Bell • The stimulus that was originally neutral becomes conditioned after it has been paired with the unconditioned stimulus • Will eventually elicit the unconditioned response by itself

  15. Conditioned Response The original unconditioned response becomes conditioned after it has been elicited by the neutral stimulus

  16. JOHN B. WATSON (1878-1958) • "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select–doctor, lawyer, artist–regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations and race of his ancestors" (p. 104) • WATSON, JOHN B. 1930. Behaviorism, revised edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt0ucxOrPQE

  17. BEFORE CONDITIONING Rat (NS) No Fear response Loud Noise Fear Response DURING CONDITIONING Rat + Loud Noise Fear Response AFTER CONDITIONING Rat Fear Response

  18. Ethical Issues • Not likely this study would be done today!!

  19. Rescorla, Robert A. (1988). Pavlovian Conditioning: It’s not what you think it is. American Psychologist, Vol 43(3),151-160. • Consideration of Rescorla Article • The circumstances that produce Pavlovian conditioning are not as simple and automatic as an introductory discussion might lead you to believe • Conditioning involves more than contiguous pairing that produces associations between stimuli • Rather Conditioning involves learning relations between events • Multiple associations may be made during conditioning • Ultimately associations represent useful information that is coded in the organism • Not all stimuli are equally associable and some types conditioning happens more quickly

  20. Any Questions?

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