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Sports Injury Prevention

Sports Injury Prevention. Jenna Bidoglio, ATC Belleville High School. Background. Millions of children participate daily in sports activities Children learn to improve: Physical fitness Obesity prevention Physical and emotional health Coordination Team play

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Sports Injury Prevention

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  1. Sports Injury Prevention Jenna Bidoglio, ATC Belleville High School

  2. Background • Millions of children participate daily in sports activities • Children learn to improve: • Physical fitness • Obesity prevention • Physical and emotional health • Coordination • Team play • There is a risk of injury just by participating

  3. Problems with Surveillance • Difficult to track injuries • All injuries don’t get reported • Best data from team physicians and athletic trainers • NCAA Injury Surveillance System (ISS) • High School National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (High School NATION). • No standard method of reporting • May report by • Body part injured • Amount of time a player missed practice or a game • Type of injury sustained

  4. Magnitude of the Problem • 3.5 million sports injuries for children < 15 years of age treated in medical settings • ¼ of all Emergency Department visits • For children involved in organized sports • 770,000 physician visits • 90,000 hospitalizations / year • 70-80% injuries are minor (< 1 wk of practice missed) • 60% occur during practice

  5. Injury Mechanisms • < 10 years of age • Often injured during individual recreational activities • Usually within the first week of the activity • Examples = bike riding, roller skating, sledding • Adolescent child • Greater weight, greater force = more severe collision • Usually occur during organized sporting events • Examples = Football, Wrestling, Basketball

  6. Sports Causing Significant Injuries at High School & Intercollegiate Level • Football • Wrestling • Gymnastics

  7. Causative Factors of Injury • Intrinsic (belonging naturally) • Age • Gender • Body size • Injury history • Fitness level • Muscle strength/flexibility

  8. Causative Factors of Injury • Extrinsic (from the outside) • Equipment • Environment • Activity type • Conditioning errors

  9. Types of Injuries Acute vs. Chronic • Both types usually involve muscle & bone • Acute • Result from a collision or sudden twist • Examples = Sprains/Strains, Contusions, Fractures • Chronic / Overuse • Repetitive, small injuries due to repeat motions • Increased today as children strive for excellence at younger ages • Examples = Pitching a baseball, Running cross country

  10. Body Parts Injured May Vary By • Sport Played • Some sports emphasize different body parts • Lower extremity = soccer, basketball • Upper extremity = tennis, baseball • Equipment Used • Projectiles may cause ocular (eye) injury • Examples = baseball, tennis

  11. Body Parts Injured May Vary By (Continued) • Age • Younger children often injure upper extremity • Older children usually injure lower extremity • Male/Female • Some sports injure one gender differently than an another • Females tend to have more knee injuries in basketball than males • In general, shoulder more male, knee/ankle more female

  12. Catastrophic Injuries • Injuries that result in permanent, severe neurologic disability • Direct Catastrophic Injury • Trauma from active participation in sport • Example = Football, Ice Hockey • Indirect • Result from overexertion while playing a sport • Causes – Dehydration or sudden cardiac death

  13. Preventing Sports Injuries • Field / Equipment Changes • Rule Changes / Coaching • Individual Preparation

  14. Field/Equipment Changes • Add equipment as injuries become evident • Examples • Helmets & Face Masks in youth hockey • Face masks in softball/girls lacrosse • Field modifications to prevent injuries • Avoid potholes, grates, rocks near field • Change field as injuries seen • Example = Anchoring soccer goals

  15. Rule Changes/Coaching • Rule changes to adjust for injury patterns • Example = “spearing” in football • Officials must enforce the established rules • Coaches • Teach the appropriate techniques • Encourage discipline in preparation (warmup,stretching,etc)

  16. Individual Preparation Prior to Participation • Learn about the game prior to signing up • Is this sport appropriate for your child? • Does your child wish to participate? • Who will be supervising practices/games? • Purchase the recommended equipment • Pre-participation physical exam • Preseason conditioning (strength and conditioning training) • Hydration and nutrition needs

  17. Individual Preparation At Participation • Practice within limits (listen to your body) • Adequate nutrition and stay well-hydrated • Know and follow the rules of the game • If injured • Seek medical attention prior to returning to play • Adequate rehabilitation is essential

  18. Summary • All sports pose a risk of injury • Research the interested sport prior to participation • Know the rules, equipment needed, and who will supervise/coach • Seek a pre-participation physical exam • Pay attention to nutritional and hydration needs • Have fun and play hard

  19. Resources/Links • Widome MD, ed. American Academy of Pediatric’s Committee on Injury and Poison Prevention. Sports safety. In: Injury Prevention and Control for Children and Youth, 3rded. 1997. American Academy of Pediatrics • Rice SG. Risks of injury during sports participation. In: Sullivan JA, Anderson SJ, ed. Care of The Young Athlete. 2000. American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons & American Academy of Pediatrics • www.hooah4health.com • www.aaos.org

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