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Steve Holmes and Brendan Casey DPF Project X Forum August 10, 2011

Project X: A 5 MW Proton Accelerator Accelerator and Particle Physics. Steve Holmes and Brendan Casey DPF Project X Forum August 10, 2011. Project X Mission Elements. A neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments 2 MW proton source at 60-120 GeV

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Steve Holmes and Brendan Casey DPF Project X Forum August 10, 2011

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  1. Project X: A 5 MW Proton Accelerator Accelerator and Particle Physics Steve Holmes and Brendan CaseyDPF Project X ForumAugust 10, 2011

  2. Project X Mission Elements A neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments • 2 MW proton source at 60-120 GeV High intensity, low energy protons for kaon, muon, and neutrino based precision experiments • Operations simultaneous with the neutrino program A path toward a muon source for possible future Neutrino Factory and/or a Muon Collider • Requires ~4 MW at ~5-15 GeV Possible missions beyond EPP • Standard Model Tests with nuclei and energy applications DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  3. Project X Reference Design 3 MW @ 3 GeV 200 kW @ 8 GeV 2 MW @ 120 GeV DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  4. Reference Design Capabilities 3 GeV CW superconducting H- linac with 1 mA average beam current. • Flexible provision for variable beam structures to multiple users • CW at time scales >1 msec, 10% DF at <1 msec • Supports rare processes programs @3 GeV/3 MW • Provision for 1 GeV extraction for nuclear energy program 3-8 GeV pulsed linac capable of delivering 350 kW at 8 GeV • Supports neutrino program @ 80 – 200 kW • Establishes a path toward a muon based facility Upgrades to the Recycler and Main Injector to provide ≥ 2 MW to the neutrino production target at 60-120 GeV. Utilization of a CW linac creates a facility that is unique in the world, with performance that cannot be matched in a synchrotron-based facility. DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  5. Performance Goals Linac Particle Type H- Beam Kinetic Energy 3.0 GeV Average Beam Current 1 mA Linac pulse rate CW Beam Power 3000kW Beam Power to 3 GeV program 2870 kW Pulsed Linac Particle Type H- Beam Kinetic Energy 8.0 GeV Pulse rate10Hz Pulse Width 4.4 msec Cycles to MI 6 Particles per cycle to MI 2.61013 Beam Power to 8 GeV350kW Upgraded Beam Power to 8 GeV 4 MW Main Injector/Recycler Beam Kinetic Energy (maximum) 120 GeV Cycle time 1.4 sec Particles per cycle 1.61014 Beam Power at 120 GeV 2200 kW simultaneous DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  6. Siting 3 GeV Experimental Area CW Linac 8 GeVLinac DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  7. Beam Configurations3 GeV Operating Scenario 1 msec period at 3 GeV Muon pulses (16e7) 81.25 MHz, 100 nsec @ 1MHz 700 kW Kaon pulses (16e7) 20.3 MHz 1540 kW Nuclear pulses (16e7) 10.15 MHz 770 kW Ion source and RFQ operate at 4.2 mA 75% of bunches are chopped @ 2.5 MeV  maintain 1 mA over 1 msec Separation scheme 1 msec Transverse rf splitter

  8. Beam Configurations3 GeV Operating Scenario 1 msec period at 3 GeV Muon pulses (16e7) 81.25 MHz, 100 nsec @ 1MHz 700 kW Kaon pulses (16e7) 20.3 MHz 1540 kW Nuclear pulses (16e7) 10.15 MHz 770 kW Ion source and RFQ operate at 4.2 mA 75% of bunches are chopped @ 2.5 MeV  maintain 1 mA over 1 msec Separation scheme Transverse rf splitter

  9. R&D Program The primary elements of the R&D program include: • Development of a wide-band chopper • Capable of removing bunches in arbitrary patterns at a 162.5 MHz bunch rate • Development of an H- injection system • Require between 4.4 – 26 msec injection period, depending on pulsed linac operating scenario • Superconducting rf development • Includes six different cavity types at three different frequencies • Emphasis is on Q0, rather than high gradient • Typically 1.5E10, 15 MV/m (CW) • 1.0E10, 25 MV/m (pulsed) • Includes appropriate rf sources • Includes development of partners Goal is to complete R&D phase by 2015 DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  10. Status and Timeline Pre-conceptual design and R&D activities are well supported • Reference Design Report released fall 2010 http://projectx-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/ShowDocument?docid=776 • Substantial R&D efforts on • sc accelerating structures • linac front end and chopper • rf sources • H- injection Approval of CD-0 (“Mission Need”) under discussion with DOE Project X could be constructed over a five year period We could be ready to start construction in FY2016 DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  11. Collaboration A multi-institutional collaboration has been established to execute the Project X RD&D Program. • Organized as a “national project with international participation” • Fermilab as lead laboratory • International participation established via bi-lateral MOUs. • Collaboration MOUs for the RD&D phase outlines basic goals, and the means of organizing and executing the work. Signatories: ANL ORNL/SNS BARC/Mumbai BNL MSU IUAC/Delhi Cornell TJNAF RRCAT/Indore Fermilab SLAC VECC/Kolkata LBNL ILC/ART R&D responsibilities aligned with expected assignments during the construction phase. DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  12. Summary(http://projectx.fnal.gov) Project X is central to Fermilab’s strategy for development of the accelerator complex over the coming decade • World leading programs in neutrinos and rare processes • Potential platform for future Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider • Potential applications beyond elementary particle physics The design concept has been stable for more than 18 months • 5 MW total beam power • 2 MW to the neutrino program at 60-120 GeV • 3 MW to the rare processes program • 200 kW to 8 GeV program • Flexible provision for variable beam formats to multiple users CW linac is unique for this application, and offers capabilities that would be hard/impossible to duplicate in a synchrotron R&D program underway targeting critical technologies and very significant investment in srf infrastructure and development Project X could be constructed over the period ~2016 – 2020 • National project with international participation More from Bob Tschirhart today at 2:00 DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  13. n m s N DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  14. Physics @ Project X 1016 GeV n EDMs 104 TeV m K 102 TeV LHC 1TeV 10-20 eV Understand new TeV scale physics with the highest precision measurements • 104TeV sensitivity with muons and Kaons Ground breaking, game changing discoveries • Charged lepton flavor violation • Neutrino CP Violation • Permanent electric dipole moments Core measurements • Understand anomalies in neutrino physics • Nuclear physics Understand how accelerators can tackle global problems • Nuclear waste transmutation test facility DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  15. generations of physics around the world birth maturity childhood 2007: International steering group, workshops, P5 Mature concept, international participation teenage Optimizing the program DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  16. Steve’s Project X slide DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  17. My Project X slide g-2, mEDM Short baseline n factory LBNE 2 MW @ 60-120 GeV Up to few hundred kW @ 8 GeV ~3 MW high duty factor @ 3 GeV Nearly all experiments at the same time! 1 GeV available mNeN mEDM meg, eee m+e-m-e+ Rare isotopes, EDMs Nuclear energy and waste transmutation test facility K+ K0 DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  18. n s Kaons Project X n d DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  19. Kaon Program • Bryman, Marciano, Tschirhart, Yamanaka (2011) Goal: • Study new TeV physics discovered at the LHC, particularly couplings and symmetries scale inaccessible to the LHC • Probe flavor dynamics well above the theTeV scale Tools: • Precision measurements of K+p +n nand K0p 0n n • Unique sensitivity due to small and well understood SM rate Why Project X: • Only planned machine that can deliver order 1000 event samples in both modes at the SM branching fraction DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  20. K+p+nn 1st 2nd 3rd generation at BNL = 7 event data sample BNL E787 event display O(1000) evt sample possible at Project X Can get first few 100 starting with beam from Main Injector DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  21. K0p0nn Pico-bunches Pointing meets Pencil beam 200 events per year possible with Project X Very large hole in understanding TeV scale without this measurement DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  22. Other Kaon measurements Plus many more Enormous data sets + multipurpose detectors = lots of physics DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  23. e m Muons Project X N N DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  24. Muon Program • New set of operators: Goal: • Discover charged lepton flavor violation • Understand the underlying symmetry breaking mechanism Tools: • Flavor conserving observables • g-2… • Flavor violating observables • mNeN, meg, meee, meem • CP violating observables • Electron and Muon EDMs Why Project X: • Greatest flexability of any planned muon source • Enough statistics to have a rich program beyond discovery DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  25. Discovering Lepton Flavor Violation • Best chance for an unambiguous, background free discovery is the mNeNprocess e m pe mm • Experimental advantage: • Monochromatic e above Michel endpoint N • Theoretical advantage: • unique sensitivity to several mechanisms of flavor violation • From Marciano: DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  26. Discovering lepton flavor violation with Project X Build on the lessons learned from Mu2e DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  27. Conversion rate vrs target Z for mNeN Beyond Discovery • Once lepton flavor violation is discovered, Project X would allow a diverse , precision LFV program to disentangle underlying physics Vector current Ratio of meg / mNeN dipole Scalar current negative sign(m) positive sign(m) tanb SUSY: B(meg)  100 × B(meee) Little Higgs: B(meg)  B(meee) DF=2: m-e+e-m + DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  28. “In the field of opportunity it’s plowing time again” -Neil Young The muon challenge The physics case is established The community and funding agencies are interested and listening The statistics are there with Project X Biggest issues are large number of challenges to mounting these experiments • Nothing set in stone • New ideas more than welcome • Unique flexibility at Project X to mount almost any type of experiment Rare opportunity to make an enormous difference even at the level of defining the experiment • Gateway into the field is participation in g-2 and mu2e DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  29. s E w Project X EDMs DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  30. EDM program Ra Th Protons Rn Fr Goal • Discover EDMs or set the most stringent constraints Tools • The ideal atoms: • Nuclear EDM: • large octuple deformation • Electron EDM: • High Z alkali metals Why Project X • The ideal atoms have short lifetimes • The ISOL facility at Project X can produce greater than 1012 isotopes per second compared to ~108/s in reactors DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  31. Alkali metals with outer electron in S wave for electron EDMs Good atomic EDM candidates Octupole deformed nucleus for nuclear EDMs 211Fr 225Ra Dobaczewski, Engel PRL 94, 232502 (2005) ANL exp PRL 98, 093001 (2007) Order of magnitude sensitivity compared to Cs 2 to 3 orders of magnitude enhancement compared to Hg DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  32. e nm Neutrinos Project X m ne DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  33. Neutrino Program Project X 2.3 Power (MW) Booster based 0.7 60 120 Energy (GeV) Goal: • Discover new source of CP violation and new flavor symmetries • Understand neutrinos to maximize their potential as a tool of science • Precision physics through neutrino interferometry Tools: • Large detectors • Well defined initial state • variable L/E Why Project X: • 10 years with Project X = 30 years without Project X DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  34. Interferometry ne,m,t n3 n2 nm n1 q13 and CPV Mass hierarchy nm deficit ne excess New ultra weak interaction Precision q23 DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 nm spectrum

  35. Expanded 8 GeV program Want high stats at low E to cover 2nd max (why we have WBB) https://indico.fnal.gov/event/sbnw2011 nS G. Mention Want high power, short baseline to cover this Low energy m storage ring for this A. Bross, NuFact’11 Upgraded power at 8 GeV for high low E rate DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  36. Punchline To get from here to here is 10 years with Project X and 30 years without Project X Grateful acknowledgment to Sam Zeller for help with this section DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

  37. Discoveries, precision measurements, Large # of thesis topics Low mass tracking, ultra precise calorimetry, large area PMTs, LAr… Physics detectors Opportunities Project X accelerators DAQ SCRF, cold m and n, n factories, m colliders, ADS, transmutation… compact front end, digitize everything, store everything… DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011

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