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Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK

What open access can do for you and your country; and what you and your country can do for open access. Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK. ‘Old’ paradigms. Use of proxy measures of an individual scientist’s merit is as good as it gets

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Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK

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  1. What open access can do for you and your country; and what you and your country can do for open access Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK

  2. ‘Old’ paradigms • Use of proxy measures of an individual scientist’s merit is as good as it gets • It is a journal’s responsibility to disseminate your work • Printed article is the format of record • Other scientists have time to search out what you want them to know Key Perspectives Ltd

  3. ‘New’ paradigms • Rich, deep, broad metrics for measuring the contributions of individual scientists • Effective dissemination of your work is now in your hands (at last) • The digital format will be the format of record (is already in many areas) • Unless you routinely publish in Nature or Science, ‘getting it out there’ is up to you Key Perspectives Ltd

  4. Open Access: What is it? • Online • Immediate • Free (non-restricted) • Free (gratis) • To the scholarly literature that authors give away • Permanent Key Perspectives Ltd

  5. Open Access: how? • Open Access journals (www.doaj.org) • Open Access repositories (author ‘self-archiving’) Key Perspectives Ltd

  6. Open Access: Why should we have it? • Benefits to researchers themselves • Benefits to institutions • Benefits to national economies • Benefits to science and society Key Perspectives Ltd

  7. For you, for your institution, for your country • Increases individual’s impact • Increases institutional impact • Increases a country’s impact • Certainly has financial implications in all three respects • Enables better monitoring, assessment and management of science Key Perspectives Ltd

  8. Open Access increases citations Range = 50%-200% (Data: Stevan Harnad and co-workers) Key Perspectives Ltd

  9. The G-Factor rankings (universitymetrics.com) The USouthampton conundrum… Key Perspectives Ltd

  10. Why is Southampton so strong? • Strong research base • TBL et al • Mandatory deposit of research output in ECS repository for 4 years (c11K items) • University repository actively managed and now to have mandatory deposit • All = very strong web presence Key Perspectives Ltd

  11. Lost citations, lost impact • Only around 15% of research is Open Access…. • ….. so 85% is not • ….. and we are therefore losing 85% of the 50% increase in citations (conservative end of the range) that Open Access brings (= 42.5%) Key Perspectives Ltd

  12. National economies • Belgian scientists: 16454 articles in 2005 • Number of citations: 16706 • If all had been OA, there would have been (42.5% more) 23806 citations • Since the Belgian Government invested €1.29 bn in S&T in 2005 ….. • This means lost impact worth €0.55 bn to the Belgian economy Key Perspectives Ltd

  13. Sacrificed impact Key Perspectives Ltd

  14. Measure, assess, and manage science more effectively • Assess individuals, groups, institutions, on the basis of citation analysis • Manage, assess scientific programmes to the benefit of our societies Key Perspectives Ltd

  15. Navigation and analysis of science output: Citebase • Find researchers • Measure citations to articles (not journals) • Follow the citations through the literature • Measure downloads (and predict citations) • Use citation patterns to analyse science Key Perspectives Ltd

  16. Track citation history Key Perspectives Ltd

  17. This article’s citation / hits / history • Citations • Downloads • References • Cited by • Co-cited Key Perspectives Ltd

  18. Measure, assess, and manage science more effectively • Assess individuals, groups, institutions, on the basis of citation analysis • Track trends: growth, latency, longevity • Identify hubs and authorities • Identify silent, ‘unsung’ contributors • Predict impact, directions • Manage, assess scientific programmes to the benefit of our societies Key Perspectives Ltd

  19. The RAE • Move to ‘metrics’ • “Correlation between RAE ratings and mean departmental citations +0.91 (1996) and +0.86 (2001) [Eysenck & Smith, 2002] • Now an RAE plug-in for the EPrints software Key Perspectives Ltd

  20. Repositories: interoperable • Show their content in a specific form • Harvested by search engines • Form a database of global research • Freely available • Publicly available • Permanently available Key Perspectives Ltd

  21. Open Access repositories • circa 1000 worldwide • 13 in Belgium (6 for e-theses) • Open source software (e.g. EPrints from Southampton University) Key Perspectives Ltd

  22. If you build it … … will they come? No, you will only capture 15-20% of your research output if you leave it to researchers Key Perspectives Ltd

  23. Author readiness to comply with a mandate 5% 14% 81% Key Perspectives Ltd

  24. Data courtesy of Arthur Sale Key Perspectives Ltd

  25. Data courtesy of Arthur Sale Key Perspectives Ltd

  26. Data courtesy of Arthur Sale Key Perspectives Ltd

  27. Institutions with a mandate already • University of Southampton School of Electronics & Computer Science (since 2003) (90+% compliance already) • CERN (2003) (90% compliance already) • Queensland University of Technology (2004) (40%+ compliance and growing) • University of Minho, Portugal (2005) • Recently, NIT (Mumbai), Zurich University • and others on the way … Key Perspectives Ltd

  28. Mandates • Come in different flavours • Some don’t even seem like a mandate • The language you use can be constructed to avoid any contention Key Perspectives Ltd

  29. Case study I: ECS, Southampton • School of Electronics & Computer Science, University of Southampton • Mandate early 2003 • Sanctioned in the sense that assessment is based upon repository content • It works Key Perspectives Ltd

  30. Case study II: Minho University • Minho University, Braga, Portugal • Repository established 2003 • Mandate introduced 2005 when self-archiving rate dropped off • Mandate backed by financial incentives paid to departments Key Perspectives Ltd

  31. Minho University repository Mandate introduced (Data courtesy of Eloy Rodrigues) Key Perspectives Ltd

  32. Case study III: QUT • QUT, Brisbane • Mandate introduced by DVC Tom Cochrane at the beginning of 2004 • Not sanctioned, but supported by vigorous and sympathetic library advocacy Key Perspectives Ltd

  33. The optimal policy language • Researchers will deposit the full article immediately upon acceptance • The metadata MUST be revealed (set as Open Access) • The rest of the article may be made Open Access when appropriate Key Perspectives Ltd

  34. Author readiness to comply with a mandate 5% 14% 81% Key Perspectives Ltd

  35. “To commune with pigs is restful to the harassed mind” (Aristotle) Key Perspectives Ltd

  36. Thank you for listening aswan@keyperspectives.co.uk www.keyperspectives.co.uk Key Perspectives Ltd

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