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Ch. 16 Continued

Ch. 16 Continued. Forces in Fluids. Pressure. Pressure is equal to the force applied to a surface, divided by the area. Equations for Pressure. Pressure = Force/surface area. Pressure = Newtons (Kg x m/s/s). side x side. Units are in Pascals or N/m ². Fluid.

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Ch. 16 Continued

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  1. Ch. 16 Continued Forces in Fluids

  2. Pressure • Pressure is equal to the force applied to a surface, divided by the area.

  3. Equations for Pressure • Pressure = Force/surface area • Pressure = Newtons (Kg x m/s/s) side x side • Units are in Pascals or N/m²

  4. Fluid • A substance that can easily change its shape, such as liquids and gases. • The molecules in a fluid have a certain amount of force (mass and acceleration) and exert pressure on surfaces they touch.

  5. Pressure and Elevation • Air Pressure decreases as elevation increases.

  6. The whole system is a low pressure, but it dramatically decreases towards the eye of the hurricane. Very Low pressure Pressure always flows from high to low, which creates the high velocity winds. Higher Pressure

  7. Pascal's Principle • When a force is applied to a confined fluid, the increase in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.

  8. Transmitting Pressure in a Fluid • When force is applied to a confined fluid, the change in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.

  9. Hydraulic Devices • In a hydraulic device, a force applied to one piston increases the fluid pressure equally throughout the fluid.

  10. Hydraulic Devices • By changing the size of the pistons, the force can be multiplied.

  11. Hydraulic Brakes • The hydraulic brake system of a car multiplies the force exerted on the brake pedal.

  12. Buoyancy The tendency or ability of an object to float.

  13. Buoyancy • The pressure on the bottom of a submerged object is greater than the pressure on the top. The result is a net force in the upward direction.

  14. Buoyant Force The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged or floating object.

  15. Buoyancy • The buoyant force works opposite the weight of an object.

  16. Archimedes’ principle: • Buoyant Force on an object immersed in a liquid equals the weight of the liquid displaced and the weight of the object if it floats.

  17. A solid block of steel sinks in water. A steel ship with the same mass floats on the surface.

  18. Density • Changes in density cause a submarine to dive, rise, or float.

  19. Density • Changes in density cause a submarine to dive, rise, or float.

  20. Bernoulli's Principle

  21. Bernoulli's Principle • The pressure exerted by a moving stream of fluid is less than its surrounding fluid.

  22. Bernoulli's Principle • Therefore, as the speed of the fluid increases its pressure decreases.

  23. Bernoulli’s and Baseball A non-spinning baseball or a stationary baseball in an airstream exhibits symmetric flow. A baseball which is thrown with spin will curve because one side of the ball will experience a reduced pressure. This is commonly interpreted as an application of the Bernoulli principle. The roughness of the ball's surface and the laces on the ball are important! With a perfectly smooth ball you would not get enough interaction with the air.

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