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The Rise of fascism

Hitler & Mussolini. The Rise of fascism. Fascism. New political movement Emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader Goal – revive economy, punish those responsible for difficult times, and restore national pride

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The Rise of fascism

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  1. Hitler & Mussolini The Rise of fascism

  2. Fascism • New political movement • Emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader • Goal – revive economy, punish those responsible for difficult times, and restore national pride • Typically wore uniforms of a certain color, used special salutes, and held mass rallies

  3. How does Fascism come to Italy? • Bitter disappointment over loss of territories at the Paris Peace Conference • Rising inflation and unemployment • Feared a Communist revolution

  4. Benito Mussolini • Politician • Founded Fascist Party in 1919 • Black Shirts • Il Duce – after demands to King Victor Emmanuel III • Abolished democracy • Outlawed all political parties • Censorship • Banned strikes • Took control of economy • Became the model for Fascists in other countries • Stalin & Hitler

  5. What factors led to the rise of fascism in Italy???

  6. Hitler Takes Control in Germany • Born in Austria • Fought in WWI • Joined the Nationalist Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi) • Formed the German brand of Fascism – Nazism • The fascist policies of the Nazi Party, based on totalitarianism, a belief in racial superiority, and state control of industry

  7. Hitler & the Nazi Party • Adopt the swastika symbol • Militia called Brownshirts • Leader of the Nazi Party – der Führer • Inspired by Mussolini’s march on Rome – wanted to seize power in Munich • Failed! Tried for treason and sent to prison • Wrote Mein Kampf(My Struggle) while in prison

  8. Mein Kampf • Outlined Hitler’s goals and beliefs for Germany • Became the blueprint for the Nazis • Aryans (blond and blue-eyed) were the “master race” • Jews, Slavs, Gypsies were inferior • Hated the Treaty of Versailles! • Vowed to regain lands taken from Germany

  9. Hitler Becomes Chancellor • Largest political party by 1932 • 1933 – named Chancellor by German President • Soon demanded absolute control • Germany became a totalitarian state • Banned all other political parties • Elite protection squad – SS – black uniformed unit • Loyal only to Hitler • Gestapo – Nazi secret police • Gestapo & SS forced Germans into total obedience

  10. By naming Hitler as Reichschancellor you have delivered up our holy Fatherland to one of the greatest [rabblerousers] of all time. I solemnly [predict] that this accursed man will plunge our Reich into the abyss and bring our nation into inconceivably misery. General Erich Ludendorff, Feb. 1, 1933

  11. Hitler Takes Total Control • Command of economy • Laws banned strikes • Dissolved independent labor unions • Government controlled labor and businesses • How does Hitler get unemployment rate from 6 million to 1.5 million? • Built highways • Manufactured weapons • Constructed factories • Served in military

  12. What was similar about Mussolini and Hitler’s rise to power???

  13. They both did so legally

  14. Hitler Uses Propaganda • Press, radio, literature, painting, and film • Burned books • Churches forbidden to criticize the Nazi Party • Hitler Youth (boys group) • League of German Girls • Hugely influenced by Social Darwinism

  15. Anti-Semitism • Hatred of Jews – major belief of the Nazi ideology • Used Jews as scapegoats for Germany’s troubles • Kristallnacht – Nov. 9, 1938 – Nazi mobs attacked Jews in their homes and on the streets • Night of Broken Glass • Began the process of eliminating the Jews from German life

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