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7-4 Classifying Organisms

7-4 Classifying Organisms. Science 7. Objectives. Explain why biologists classify organisms. Relate the levels of classification to the relationships between organisms. List characteristics used to classify organisms into groups, including domains and kingdoms. Why do Scientists Classify?.

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7-4 Classifying Organisms

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  1. 7-4 Classifying Organisms Science 7

  2. Objectives • Explain why biologists classify organisms. • Relate the levels of classification to the relationships between organisms. • List characteristics used to classify organisms into groups, including domains and kingdoms.

  3. Why do Scientists Classify? • Classification is the process of grouping things based on their similarities. • Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study.

  4. Taxonomy • The scientific study of how living things are classified is called taxonomy. • Taxonomists sometimes change the way they classify an organism when new evidence such as DNA shows that the organism belongs in a different group.

  5. The naming system of linnaeus • Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish naturalist, developed a system of naming organisms that is still used today. • Binomial nomenclature is the naming system developed by Linnaeus. The word bionomialmeans two names.

  6. Genus and species • The first word in an organism’s scientific name is its genus. A genus is a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms. • The second word in a scientific name often describes a distinctive feature of an organism (where it lives, appearance). • The two words together indicate a unique species. Felisconcolor Felisdomesticus

  7. Binomial nomenclature • Binomial nomenclature makes it easy for scientists to communicate because everyone uses the same name for the same organism, regardless of what language they speak.

  8. Levels of Classification • The more classification levels that two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common.

  9. 8 levels • Domain-highest level • Kingdom- make up domains • Phyla- make up kingdoms • Classes- make up phyla • Orders- make up classes • Families- make up orders • Genera- each family contains one or more genera. • Species- each genera contains one or more species.

  10. Classifying a human • Domain= Eukarya • Kingdom= Animalia • Phylum= Chordata • Class= Mammalia • Order= Primates • Family= Hominidae • Genus= Homo • Species= Homo sapiens

  11. Domains and kingdoms • Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on their cell type, their ability to make food, and the number of cells in their bodies.

  12. Domain bacteria • Members of the domain bacteria are prokaryotes. • Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus.

  13. Domain Eukarya • Include, seaweed, mushrooms, tomatoes, dogs, and people. • Organisms in this domain are eukaryotes, organisms with cells that contain nuclei. • Scientists classify organisms into one of 4 kingdoms: protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

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