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The Western Intrusion, 1700-1914

The Western Intrusion, 1700-1914. I. Introduction. The Rise of the West Reform and Revival. II. Western Dominance. A. Russian Encroachments and the "Eastern Question" Treaty of Kuckuk-Kainarji (1774) Ottoman Territorial Loss Russo-Ottoman War of 1806-1812

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The Western Intrusion, 1700-1914

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  1. The Western Intrusion, 1700-1914

  2. I. Introduction • The Rise of the West • Reform and Revival

  3. II. Western Dominance A. Russian Encroachments and the "Eastern Question" • Treaty of Kuckuk-Kainarji (1774) • Ottoman Territorial Loss • Russo-Ottoman War of 1806-1812 • Greek War of Independence (1821-1829) • Rumanian Uprising (1848)

  4. II. Western Dominance B. British and French Support • French Economic Interests • The "Great Game“ • The Crimean War (1853-1856) • Treaty of San Stefano/Treaty of Berlin (1878)

  5. II. Western Dominance C. French Encroachments 1. Napoleon in Egypt (1798-1801) 2. Algeria (1830) and Tunisia (1881) 3. Syria

  6. II. Western Dominance D. British Encroachments 1. Aden (1839) 2. Egypt (1882) 3. Sudan (1889) 4. Kuwait (1899)

  7. III. Reform Efforts A. Egypt 1. Mehmet Ali (r. 1805-1849) • Economic and Social Reforms • Military Reforms • Failure

  8. III. Reform Efforts 2. Khedive Isma’il (r. 1863-1879) • Modernizing Egypt • The Suez Canal (1869)

  9. III. Reform Efforts 3. British Control • Financial Crisis • Dual Financial Control • Lord Cromer (1883-1907)

  10. III. Reform Efforts B. Istanbul 1. Mahmud II (r. 1808-1839) • Modernization of the Military • The “Auspicious Event” • Sartorial Laws

  11. III. Reform Efforts 2. The Tanzimat Era (1839-1876) • The New Ottomans • Abdulahmid II (r. 1876-1909) • Pan-Islamism and the Revived Caliphate • The Young Turks (1908-1918) • Enver, Talat, and Jemal

  12. IV. Revival A. Wahabism 1. Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792)

  13. The Suez Canal

  14. V. Conclusion • The Horns of a Dilemma

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