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Punctuation!!

Punctuation!! . The function of punctuation is to make your writing clearer and easier to understand. The punctuation marks …. The period (.) The comma (,) The colon (:) The semi-colon (;) The apostrophe (‘). The period (.) is used at the end of a sentence. .

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Punctuation!!

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  1. Punctuation!! The function of punctuation is to make your writing clearer and easier to understand.

  2. The punctuation marks… • The period (.) • The comma (,) • The colon (:) • The semi-colon (;) • The apostrophe (‘)

  3. The period (.) is used at the end of a sentence. For example:It took me a few hours to finish this presentation. The full stop

  4. The comma (,) is used to separate the main clause of a sentence from the subordinate clauses. For example, While my flatmates were having fun, I kept doing my homework. The comma (Part 1)

  5. The comma (,) is also used to separate items in a list. The rules are as follows: In a list of objects, there is no need for a comma before the final object, because ‘and’ takes its place. For example:We will need the following items: apples, butter, sugar, and flour for this recipe. The comma (Part 2)

  6. In a list of adjectives or adverbs, there is no need for a comma between the final adjective or adverb and the word it describes. Using the comma in a list of adjectives: It really is a bulky and heavy box. Using the comma in a list of adverbs: Sheldon Cooper recieved his prize proudly, joyfully, unfalteringly at the ceremony. The comma (Part 3)

  7. The colon (Part 1) • The colon (:) is used to introduce a list. • For example:There were a lot of things on my brother’sfloor: clothes, books, shoes, papers and a pillow he had thrown before he woke up.

  8. The colon (Part 2) • The colon is also used to add further explanation to a point previously made. • For example: Schools nowadays are much improved from previously: corporal punishment no longer exists, and teachers generally make an effort to involve and engage students in lessons.

  9. The semi-colon (Part 1) • One way to use the semi-colon is to separate items in a list in which each item is fairly long and complicated. • For example: I did lots of things during this week: I went to Forum with my friends; I visited a friend for lunch; I created a PowerPoint presentation.Semi-colons are used to separate the items because they are each quite lengthy. This makes the sentence clearer.

  10. The semi-colon (Part 2) • Another way to use the semi-colon is to separate clauses in a sentence which have equal weight. • For example • Ayşe was a senior at the local high school; she was a hard-working and pleasant girl.

  11. The semi-colon (Part 3) • To put it simply… • Here’s that sentence again: • Ayşe was a senior at the local high school; she was a hard-working and pleasant girl. • Notice that each of the clauses makes complete sense by itself. Each one could be expressed as a sentence: • Ayşe was a senior at the local high school. She was a hard-working and pleasant girl.A semi-colon is an alternative to a period when you want to make two or more short sentences into one long one.

  12. The apostrophe • The apostrophe two main functions: • To show possession • To show omission.

  13. The first use of the apostrophe is to show possession. The apostrophe always goes after the last letter of the word describing the person to whom something belongs (the ‘owner’). If the ‘owner’ is singular, the apostrophe is followed by an ‘s’. For example:The book of the boy becomes The boy’s book The toys of the child becomes The child’s toys The apostrophe of possession: singular ‘owner’.

  14. When the ‘owner’ in a sentence is plural AND ends in an s (boys, babies) there is NO ‘s’ after the apostrophe. For example:The books of the boys becomes The boys’ books However, when the ‘owner’ in the sentence is plural but does not end in an s (children, sheep) there is an ‘s’ after the apostrophe. For example:The toys of the childrenbecomes The children’s toys The fleeces of the sheepbecomesThe sheep’s fleeces The apostrophe of possession: plural ‘owner’ .

  15. The apostrophe of omission • The apostrophe is also used when letters are omitted from a word or words. The apostrophe always goes in the place where letters are missing. • For example: becomes have not becomes haven’t • because the ‘o’ is omitted. • Some more examples on the next slide…

  16. Apostrophes of omission

  17. It’s the end! • You now know all there is to know about punctuation!

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