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CHAPTER 19

CHAPTER 19. ROOSEVELT & THE NEW DEAL (1933 - 1941). 19.1 – FDR’S RISE TO POWER (don’t write this down). Grew up in NY 1910 – elected to NY State Senate 1913 – Asst. Secretary of the Navy 1920 – VP candidate for Democrats (lose the election)

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CHAPTER 19

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  1. CHAPTER 19 ROOSEVELT & THE NEW DEAL (1933 - 1941)

  2. 19.1 – FDR’S RISE TO POWER(don’t write this down) • Grew up in NY • 1910 – elected to NY State Senate • 1913 – Asst. Secretary of the Navy • 1920 – VP candidate for Democrats (lose the election) • 1921 – gets polio; relies heavily on his wife Eleanor • 1928 – elected governor of NY • 1932 – elected POTUS POWER

  3. 19.1 – BANK TROUBLES • Elected in 1932; promised Americans a “New Deal” • His plan/policies for ending the Great Depression and fixing the American economy • By the time he came to office in March of 1933 more than 4,000 banks collapsed as people sought to withdraw money and/or convert it to gold • Some governors declared bank holidays to prevent further closings

  4. 19.1 – HUNDRED DAYS • 1st 100 Days – tons of legislation to help banks, industry, agriculture, unemployment… (1933) • 15 acts passed by Congress • Came to be known as the First New Deal (see “First New Deal” Graphic Organizer) • FDR surrounded himself w/ people who had various, sometimes opposing, points of view (why did he do this?) New Nat. New Fr. Gov’t Run

  5. 19.1 – HUNDRED DAYS • Priority #1 for FDR – restore confidence in banks • Declares national bank holiday ( • The New Deal drastically changed the relationship between the Federal Government and the American people • The role of the gov’t increased and became much more involved in people’s lives (is this good or bad?)

  6. Answer the following: • What was the New Deal? • Describe 3 ND programs.

  7. 19.2 – CRITICISMS OF THE NEW DEAL LEFT RIGHT Believed the ND regulated business too much Federal gov’t was expanding too muchand spending too much (deficit spending) Creation of the American Liberty League to organize opposition to the ND • Believed the ND did not go far enough • Wanted more action to shift wealth from the rich to the middle-class and poor

  8. 19.2 – HUEY LONG • Louisiana (gov. and senator) • Championed the poor, lower classes • Attacked wealthy; wanted redistribution of wealth • “Share Our Wealth” plan

  9. 19.2 – FATHER COUGHLIN • Catholic priest from Detroit; weekly radio show • Wanted increased taxes • Nationalized bank system

  10. 19.2 – TOWNSEND PLAN • California physician • Gov’t should pay citizens over 60 a pension of $200/month • Recipients retire and spend entire pension back each month

  11. 19.2 – WPA • Works Project Administration • Part of the 2nd New Deal launched in 1935 • Largest of the public works programs; spent $11 billion, hired 8.5 million workers

  12. 19.2 – 2nd NEW DEAL • Why was it launched? • By 1934…. • More than 10 million were still unemployed • National income was half of what it was in 1929 • Read “The Supreme Court’s Role” on page 665

  13. SOCIAL SECURITY NOW AND THEN

  14. 19.3 – THE NEW DEAL COALITION • Significant political shifts took place curing the 1930s • African Americans began to move to the Democrats, leaving the Republicans • Frances Perkins – Sec. of Labor (first woman appointed to a cabinet position) • Election of 1936 – FDR won in a landslide OF

  15. 19.3 – COURT PACKING • FDR was angry that the Supreme Court was threatening some of his programs • Submitted a new plan to Congress for the SC • What was the plan? • The ordeal hurt FDR’s reputation (too much of a power grab?)

  16. 19.3 – RECESSION OF 1937 • Things were looking up in 1937 and FDR decided to balance the budget so he cut spending • Coupled with Social Security taxes, this contributed to a recession in late 1937 and unemployment surged • Debate emerged in FDR’s administration • Balance budget/cut spending) vs. increased spending • FDR decides to increase spending again in 1938 spending

  17. 19.3 – END OF THE NEW DEAL • The recession of 1937 hurt the Dems; Reps won back seats in midterm elections of 1938 • Reps. Worked with Southern Democrats to block more ND programs; by 1939 the ND was over NEW DEAL

  18. 19.3 – LEGACY OF THE NEW DEAL • Limited success: • Unemployment remained high • Recovery not complete until end of WWII (1945) • Political realignment – ex. African-Americans shifted to the Democratic Party • Many people/industries now started looking to the gov’t to solve problems/protect their interests (power of the federal gov’t increased) - gov’t acting as a broker state? - gov’t have a duty to provide a safety net? • Added to the debate that still rages today – what is the role of the federal gov’t in relation to the economy? Should it take action to “balance” things out/support the disadvantaged? Hyundai Legacy

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