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End of Spanish Rule

1760-1821. End of Spanish Rule. Spain Acquires Louisiana. Great Britain defeats France in the Seven Year’s War (1756-1763) Changed the balance of power in the Americas. Great Britain gained Canada and all French land east of the Mississippi River. Spain received New Orleans

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End of Spanish Rule

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  1. 1760-1821 End of Spanish Rule

  2. Spain Acquires Louisiana • Great Britain defeats France in the Seven Year’s War (1756-1763) • Changed the balance of power in the Americas. • Great Britain gained Canada and all French land east of the Mississippi River. • Spain received New Orleans • France was no longer a threat in North America

  3. Spain Closes East Texas Missions • Spain sends Marques de Rubi to investigate the need for missions in Texas. • Suggested that Spain abandon all missions in Texas except those at San Antonio and Goliad • Also suggested forming alliances with the Comanches • Suggested that settlers in East Texas move closer to San Antonio for protection. • 1773, three remaining missions in Texas closed and the 500 settlers in the area moved to San Antonio

  4. Nacogdoches Founded • East Texas settlers pleaded for permission for the families to return to their former homes. • Governor de Ripperda refused, but allowed some to settle along the Trinity River. • Crop failure, small pox, and Comanche forced the colonists to move. • 1779, Settlers moved back into East Texas and built the town of Nacogdoches, without government approval.

  5. Spain Helps the American Colonists • Spain supported the American revolutionaries against Britain. • Opened the port of New Orleans to American ships and supplied weapons, clothing, money, and medical supplies to troops.

  6. US Buys Louisiana • Louisiana Purchase • 1800, Spain was forced to give Louisiana back to France. • US purchased the territory from France for $15 million. • Doubled the size of the US • Gave the US a border with Spain

  7. Border Disputes • US insisted American territory extended to the Sabine River • Possibly include all of Texas • Spain claimed the land all the way to the Calcasieu River in Louisiana • General James Wilkinson (US) and Colonel Simon de Herrera (Spain) compromised, saying no one would occupy the “neutral ground.” • Became a haven for people trying to escape the law • 1819, Adams-Onis Treaty signed • Spain transferred Florida to the US • Boundary between US and Spain set at the Sabine • US surrendered all claim to Texas

  8. Americans Migrate to Texas • Philip Nolan • Filibuster • Mustang trader • Spain suspected he was a spy working for General Wilkinson • Warned by Spanish officials to stay out of Texas • `Nolan ignored the warning and was ambushed and killed while on a horse capturing expedition

  9. Hidalgo Calls for Independence • Best jobs were reserved for men sent from Spain as administrators. • Taxes in Mexico increased to help pay for wars in Europe. • September 16, 1810 – Father Hidalgo issued a call for freedom from Spain. • Tried to capture Mexico City in 1811 • Captured and executed • “Father of Mexican Independence”

  10. Gutierrez-Magee Expedition • Wanted to free Texas from Spanish rule • Planned to establish a government in which voters would choose people to represent them. • Republic • Republican Army of the North • First action was to cross the Sabine River and capture Nacogdoches. • Captured Goliad • Magee killed defending Goliad from a Spanish siege • Spaniards involved in the siege retreated to San Antonio • The RAotN, now led by Samuel Kemper, chased the Spaniards and captured San Antonio • Issued a declaration of independence for Texas

  11. Disagreements and Defeats • Americans favored a government with elected officials, like that of the United States. • Mexicans preferred a government with appointed officials, like New Spain. • Americans wanted Texas to become independent or a part of the United States. • Mexicans wanted Texas to remain part of Mexico. • August 1813, the Republican Army is defeated near San Antonio.

  12. Revolutionaries and Pirates • French pirate Louis Michel Aury • Captured Spanish vessels along the coast of Texas • Jean Laffite • Controlled Galveston Island • Had aided the American Army against the British in the War of 1812 • Captured Spanish vessels in the Gulf of Mexico • Eventually sailed to the Caribbean • According to legend, he buried a treasure of gold and silver on one of the islands along the Gulf Coast, but it has never been found.

  13. James Long • From Mississippi • Filibuster • Objected to the United States giving up claim to Texas. • Summer 1819, Long led an army of 300 to capture Nacogdoches. • Declared Texas was a free and independent republic with Long as President. • Journeyed to Galveston to ask Jean Laffite for help. • Laffite refused • Spanish troops attacked and defeated Long’s army while he was in Galveston. • Long recruited more rebels out of Louisiana and returned to Texas, attacking Galveston Bay. • Long and his troops capture Goliad but were surrounded by Spanish troops and forced to surrender. • Taken to Mexico City and killed.

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