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Types of Photosynthesis

Types of Photosynthesis. C3 C4 CAM. Concepts: Photosynthesis. Sugar. Stomata. Concepts. + Solar Energy. Photosynthesis : CO 2 + Water --> Sugar + O 2 Photosynthesis is the production of sugar (stored energy) and oxygen using energy from the sun to combine carbon dioxide and water.

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Types of Photosynthesis

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  1. Types of Photosynthesis C3 C4 CAM

  2. Concepts: Photosynthesis Sugar

  3. Stomata Concepts + Solar Energy • Photosynthesis: CO2 + Water --> Sugar + O2 • Photosynthesis is the production of sugar (stored energy) and oxygen using energy from the sun to combine carbon dioxide and water. • CO2 is brought into plants and O2 is released from plants through pores (stomata) in their leaves and other tissues. • RUBISCO is the enzyme plants use to undergo photosynthesis.

  4. + Energy Concepts • Respiration: Sugar + O2 --> CO2 + Water + E • Respiration is the burning of sugar in the presence of oxygen to release energy stored in the sugar and produces carbon dioxide and water as by-products. • Photorespiration: Occurs under high light/heat when RUBISCO tends to react with O2 (undergoing respiration) rather than CO2 (undergoing photosynthesis). This slows rates of photosynthesis under high light/heat (this is not what the plant wants to happen).

  5. Stoma Concepts • Transpiration: Loss of water out of stomata (pores) of plants during gas exchange (O2 and CO2) while photosynthesizing and respiring. • Water Use Efficiency (WUE): How good a plant is at bringing in CO2 without losing too much water. In other words it is the ratio of rate of photosynthesis (energy generation) to rate of transpiration (water lost).

  6. Type 1: C3 Photosynthesis • Adaptive Value • More efficient under normal light, temperature, and moisture. • How • Uses RUBISCO to collect CO2 during the day and undergo photosynthesis • Who: most plants

  7. Type 2: C4 Photosynthesis • Adaptive Value 1 • Photosynthesizes faster under high light/heat conditions. • How • Eliminates Photorespiration by using PEP carboxylase (another enzyme) to collect CO2 during the day and hand delivering CO2 to RUBISCO so that it can’t react with O2.

  8. Type 2: C4 Photosynthesis • Adaptive Value 2 • Better water use efficiency • How • PEP carboxylase is faster at pulling in CO2 so stomata don’t have to be open as much so don’t lose as much water. • Who • many desert summer annuals and grasses

  9. Type 3: CAM Photosynthesis • Adaptive Values • Better water use efficiency • Cam-idling • How • Uses PEP carboxylase to collect CO2 during the night (when evaporation rates are less), stores the CO2 as acid, closes stomata during day when conducts photosynthesis. • Can keep stomata closed all the time, using CO2 from respiration to photosynthesize and O2 from photosynthesis for respiration. • Who: cactuses, agaves, bromeliads

  10. Review of Photosynthesis Types • Adaptive Values • C3 photosynthesis • More efficient under normal light, temperature, and moisture. • C4 photosynthesis • Photosynthesizes faster under high light/heat conditions. • Better water use efficiency • CAM photosynthesis • Better water use efficiency • Cam-idling

  11. Review of Photosynthesis Types • How (summary – see full explanation in previous slides) • C3 photosynthesis • Uses RUBISCO to collect CO2 during day. • C4 photosynthesis • Uses PEP carboxylase to collect CO2 during day. • Delivers CO2 directly to RUBISCO to eliminate photorespiration and is faster at pulling in CO2. • CAM photosynthesis • Uses PEP carboxylase to collect CO2 during night. • Stores CO2 in form of acid. Allows idling. • Delivers CO2 directly to RUBISCO to eliminate photorespiration and is faster at pulling in CO2.

  12. Review of Photosynthesis Types • Who • C3 photosynthesis • Most plants • C4 photosynthesis • A variety of plants, especially our summer annuals and many of our grasses • CAM photosynthesis • Cacti, agaves, bromeliads, and others

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