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Lipids Metabolism

Lipids Metabolism. Prepared by. AKRAM GASMELSID ABDALLA MUKHTAR akram.abdalla@mmu.edu.my TAN CHEE KHUAN tan.chee.khuan01@mmu.edu.my TEY GIM CHONG tey.gim.chong02@mmu.edu.my CHEK YIN HUAY chek.yin.huay01@mmu.edu.my. Objectives.

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Lipids Metabolism

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  1. Lipids Metabolism

  2. Prepared by AKRAM GASMELSID ABDALLA MUKHTAR akram.abdalla@mmu.edu.my TAN CHEE KHUAN tan.chee.khuan01@mmu.edu.my TEY GIM CHONG tey.gim.chong02@mmu.edu.my CHEK YIN HUAY chek.yin.huay01@mmu.edu.my

  3. Objectives • To determine the interrelationship between the lipids intake and human physiology • To analyze how different individual and gender react to different amount of intake • To identify the optimal intake to prevent exceeding and shortage of lipids in diet

  4. Definition of Lipids • Substances in dairy foods • Known as fats and oils • Hydrophobic and soluble in ethanol like alcohol, petroleum and chloroform • Classified into 2 general types • Fats and waxes (can be hydrolyzed with ester linkages) • cholesterol and steroids (cannot be hydrolyzed)

  5. Type of Lipids • Saturated fat • Animal oil like meat, milk, butter • Vegetable oil like coconut and palm kernel oil • Polyunsaturated fat • Plan source like safflower, corn, cottonseed, sunflower oil and soybean oil • Monounsaturated fat • Plant and animal product like olive oil, canola oil, avocado and peanut oil

  6. Lipids Functions • Excellent energy reserves • Structure of cell membranes • Organ padding • Body thermal insulation • Essential fatty acids (EFA) • Hormone synthesis • Fat soluble vitamin absorption

  7. Lipids Disorder • Lipids deficiency (Shortage in Lipids intake) • Lipids exceeding (Overtaking in Lipids intake)

  8. Lipids Deficiency • Fat should comprise of 3% of total calories to prevent fatty acid deficiency • Fatty acid deficiency syndromes • Dry scaly skin, dermatitis (Linoleic acid deficiency) • Hand tremors (Prostaglandin deficiency) • Inability to control blood pressure

  9. Lipids Exceeding • Fat should comprise not more than 30% of total calories to prevent lipids exceeding • To prevent overtaking, we should consume fat breakdown (% total calories) • <8% from saturated fat • 10% from polyunsaturated fat • 10-15% from monounsaturated fat

  10. Body Mass Index • Current best single gauge for body fat • BMI =(Weight in Kg)/((Height in cm )(Height in cm)) X 10,000

  11. Health Problems • Energy Intake > Energy needed = Lipids overtaking • Develop medical problem • Cancer • Heart disease • Diabetes • Obesity • High blood pressure • High blood cholesterol

  12. Cholesterol • Plant and animal food contain sterols but only animal food contain cholesterol • Why? Cholesterol is made in the liver and plants do no have a liver • Cholesterol is needed to make bile, sex hormones, steroids and vitamin D. • It is the constituent of cell membrane structure • Dietary recommendation - <300 mg/d • Sources – egg yolks, liver, shellfish, organ foods

  13. Lipoproteins • Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) – is made by the liver and is comprised of cholesterol that is delivered to the cells in the body • High levels of LDL is strongly correlated with heart disease • High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) - made by the liver and picks up cholesterol from the cells fro recycling or excretion • High levels of HDL is inversely correlated with heart disease • It is protective

  14. Blood levels for Lipids • Total Cholesterol: • <200 mg/dl = desirable • 200-239 mg/dl = borderline hyperlipidemia • >240 mg/dl = hyperlipidemia • LDL < 130 mg/dl is favorable • HDL > 35 mg/dl is favorable

  15. Simulator • Experimentalist & Scientist • to study lipids metabolism • End Users • To identify the optimal lipids intake in diet

  16. Model Measurements Parameters (The lipids metabolism is…) Simulation • Biology + Mathematic + Computer Science = Lipids Metabolism Simulator

  17. kji (Q, P) Ri0(t) Qi qi ai kij (Q, P) Compartmental Analysis • Mathematical model system • Finite number of compartmental that interact by exchanging materials

  18. Prevention of Lipid Disorder • Reduce fat • Cut down on high fat foods • E.g. butter, margarine, oil, mayonnaise • Consume small amounts of unsaturated fats • Do not eliminate fat completely since it is high in calories

  19. Prevention of Lipid Disorder • Limit added sugar and alcohol • Added sugar and alcohol are ‘empty calories’ • Watch portions of all food • ‘fat free’ ≠ ‘calorie-free’ • Drink at least 8 glasses of water everyday • Water is calorie-free, refreshing, and filling

  20. Prevention of Lipid Disorder • Increase intake of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains • Loaded with fiber • Contain high amounts of vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients • Include low-fat protein-rich food with every meal • E.g. tofu, beans, eggs, and fish

  21. Prevention of Lipid Disorder • Slow down when eating • Too fast eating will exceed calorie needs before realizing we are full

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