UQROO FONAEL IV Chetumal - 7 NOV 08

1. UQROOFONAEL IVChetumal - 7 NOV 08 Lextutor: Serving learners, teachers, & researchers • Tom CobbDépt de linguistique et de didactique des languesUniversité du Québec à Montréal • cobb.tom@uqam.ca • www.lextutor.ca

2. CONTEXT • Expansion of Q. Roo University • E.g., Medical school • More and more hard English texts to read • Big need for high level of reading ability

3. What happens if you don’t teach vocab?2. What & how much vocab should you teach?3. How can you teach vocab?

4. What text looks like if you know all the words • In 1978/1979, New Zealand produced 9.15 million cubic tons of exotic logs of which 59 percent was exported (as newsprint, pulp, sawn timber, logs, and so on). Productive capacity is expected to remain at about this level throughout most of this decade. But based on volumes of wood which will become available from existing forests and planned new plantings, production will progressively increase to 20 million cubic meters a year by the turn of the century. • If current planting rates are maintained with planting targets satisfied in each region and the forests milled at the earliest opportunity, the available wood supplies could further increase to about 36 million cubic meters annually in the period 2001-2015. The additional available wood supply should greatly exceed domestic requirements, even if much is used for energy production. • Even if used in an unprocessed form, the increasing wood supplies will require a larger labour force, an improved roading network, and expanded transport and processing facilities. If the trees are to be exported, then certain investments must be made. They will include investments in: logging machinery and equipment; logging trucks, and other vehicles required for the transport of processed products; upgrading and maintaining roads (or rail or coastal shipping facilities where appropriate; and port facilities. The list could be extended to include overseas shipping, and accommodation and township facilities for forestry workers. • Other capital costs will depend on the degree of processing and the proportion of total production that is processed. At the potential maximum of 36 million cubic meters per annum there would be sufficient timber to allow the construction of a number of pulp and newsprint mills costing up to 4000 million dollars at 1978 prices (excluding upwards of another 1000 million for extra electricity). Although the potential total expenditure is large over the next three years (possibly approaching 6000-7000 million dollars inclusive of harvesting and transport investment), the incremental requirements would probably average only 2-2.5 percent of total investment in all sectors, though it would be higher in the years of most rapid expansion. • It may well be that the best rate of return will be on exported logs. But there will be pressure for further processing to give more employment and earn more overseas funds. • 0 GAPS IN 374 WORDS (0% GAPS)

5. What text looks like if you knowonly 1k words • In 1978/1979 , New Zealand produced 9. 15 million  _______ tons of  _______  _______ of which 59  _______ was  _______ ( as  _______ ,  _______ ,  _______  _______ ,  _______ , and so on). Productive  _______ is expected to remain at about this level throughout most of this  _______ . But based on  _______ of wood which will become  _______ from existing forests and planned new  _______ , production will progressively increase to 20 million  _______  _______ a year by the turn of the  _______ . • If current planting rates are  _______ with planting  _______  _______ in each  _______ and the forests  _______ at the earliest opportunity , the  _______ wood supplies could further increase to about 36 million  _______  _______  _______ in the  _______ 2001-2015. The additional  _______ wood supply should greatly  _______  _______  _______ , even if much is used for  _______ production. • Even if used in an  _______ form , the increasing wood supplies will  _______ a larger  _______ force , an  _______  _______  _______ , and  _______  _______ and  _______  _______ . If the trees are to be  _______ , then certain  _______ must be made. They will include  _______ in :  _______ machinery and  _______ ;  _______  _______ , and other  _______  _______ for the  _______ of  _______ products;  _______ and  _______ roads ( or  _______ or  _______ shipping  _______ where  _______ ; and  _______  _______ . The  _______ could be extended to include  _______ shipping , and  _______ and  _______  _______ for  _______ workers. • Other capital costs will depend on the degree of  _______ and the  _______ of total production that is  _______ . At the  _______  _______ of 36 million  _______  _______ per  _______ there would be  _______  _______ to allow the  _______ of a number of  _______ and  _______  _______ costing up to 4000 million dollars at 1978 prices (  _______  _______ of another 1000 million for  _______  _______ ). Although the  _______ total  _______ is large over the next three years ( possibly  _______ 6000-7000 million dollars inclusive of  _______ and  _______  _______ ) , the  _______  _______ would  _______ average only 2-2. 5  _______ of total  _______ in all  _______ , though it would be higher in the years of most  _______  _______ . • It may well be that the best rate of return will be on  _______  _______ . But there will be pressure for further  _______ to give more employment and  _______ more  _______  _______ . • 106 GAPS IN 374 WORDS (28% GAPS) • Read with beeps before showing; replicate with a local English text to show VPanalysis

6. What text looks like if you know 1k+2k words • In 1978/1979 , New Zealand produced 9. 15 million  _______ tons of  _______ logs of which 59  _______ was  _______ ( as  _______ ,  _______ ,  _______  _______ , logs , and so on). Productive  _______ is expected to remain at about this level throughout most of this  _______ . But based on  _______ of wood which will become  _______ from existing forests and planned new  _______ , production will progressively increase to 20 million  _______  _______ a year by the turn of the century. • If current planting rates are  _______ with planting  _______ satisfied in each  _______ and the forests milled at the earliest opportunity , the  _______ wood supplies could further increase to about 36 million  _______  _______  _______ in the  _______ 2001-2015. The additional  _______ wood supply should greatly  _______  _______  _______ , even if much is used for  _______ production. • Even if used in an  _______ form , the increasing wood supplies will  _______ a larger  _______ force , an improved  _______  _______ , and  _______  _______ and  _______  _______ . If the trees are to be  _______ , then certain  _______ must be made. They will include  _______ in :  _______ machinery and  _______ ;  _______  _______ , and other  _______  _______ for the  _______ of  _______ products;  _______ and  _______ roads ( or rail or  _______ shipping  _______ where  _______ ; and  _______  _______ . The list could be extended to include  _______ shipping , and  _______ and  _______  _______ for  _______ workers. • Other capital costs will depend on the degree of  _______ and the  _______ of total production that is  _______ . At the  _______  _______ of 36 million  _______  _______ per  _______ there would be  _______  _______ to allow the  _______ of a number of  _______ and  _______ mills costing up to 4000 million dollars at 1978 prices (  _______ upwards of another 1000 million for extra electricity). Although the  _______ total  _______ is large over the next three years ( possibly  _______ 6000-7000 million dollars inclusive of harvesting and  _______  _______ ) , the  _______  _______ would probably average only 2-2. 5  _______ of total  _______ in all  _______ , though it would be higher in the years of most rapid  _______ . • It may well be that the best rate of return will be on  _______ logs. But there will be pressure for further  _______ to give more employment and earn more  _______  _______ . • 89 GAPS IN 374 WORDS (23% GAPS)

7. What text looks like if you know 1k+2k+AWL • In 1978/1979 , New Zealand produced 9. 15 million  _______ tons of  _______ logs of which 59 percent was exported ( as  _______ ,  _______ ,  _______  _______ , logs , and so on). Productive capacity is expected to remain at about this level throughout most of this decade. But based on volumes of wood which will become available from existing forests and planned new  _______ , production will progressively increase to 20 million  _______  _______ a year by the turn of the century. • If current planting rates are maintained with planting targets satisfied in each region and the forests milled at the earliest opportunity , the available wood supplies could further increase to about 36 million  _______  _______ annually in the period 2001-2015. The additional available wood supply should greatly exceed domestic requirements , even if much is used for energy production. • Even if used in an  _______ form , the increasing wood supplies will require a larger labour force , an improved  _______ network , and expanded transport and processing facilities. If the trees are to be exported , then certain investments must be made. They will include investments in :  _______ machinery and equipment;  _______  _______ , and other vehicles required for the transport of processed products;  _______ and maintaining roads ( or rail or  _______ shipping facilities where appropriate; and  _______ facilities. The list could be extended to include overseas shipping , and accommodation and  _______ facilities for  _______ workers. • Other capital costs will depend on the degree of processing and the proportion of total production that is processed. At the potential maximum of 36 million  _______  _______ per  _______ there would be sufficient  _______ to allow the construction of a number of  _______ and  _______ mills costing up to 4000 million dollars at 1978 prices ( excluding upwards of another 1000 million for extra electricity). Although the potential total  _______ is large over the next three years ( possibly approaching 6000-7000 million dollars inclusive of harvesting and transport investment) , the  _______ requirements would probably average only 2-2. 5 percent of total investment in all sectors , though it would be higher in the years of most rapid expansion. • It may well be that the best rate of return will be on exported logs. But there will be pressure for further processing to give more employment and earn more overseas funds. • 29 GAPS IN 374 WORDS (7% GAPS)

8. Go Live • VocabProfile Cloze http://www.lextutor.ca/cloze/vp/

10. What is AWL?E.g., “Storytelling, American style” (APA) • Those different versions of autobiographical memory can reinforce different cultural construals of the self. Memories that focus on the individual as a central character of the story help to reinforce an independent self, whereas memories that focus on important others and social interactions help to reinforce an interdependent self. • One style is not better than the other. They are each adaptive within their own cultures. In American culture, remembering your own experiences is critical, because you need to construct a unique identity. Elaborate memory conversations are important to help children learn that skill. In Chinese culture, the hierarchy of the mother-child relationship is more important than building a unique identity. In both cases, the mother-child conversation is a socializing practice that tends to reinforce what's important in the culture. In American culture, it's important to have a child who is outgoing, who is not fearful, who has her own thoughts and feelings, who can do independent exploration. In Chinese culture, it's very important to make peace with others, to establish social harmony with others. • http://www.apa.org/monitor/2008/11/storytelling.html

13. Go Live • VocabProfile http://www.lextutor.ca/vp/

14. Back to ‘What does a text look like if you know x many words…? • In fact, no learner ever knows just 1k words, or 2k, etc • If you run tests, it’s always a big mix-up • Especially in cognate languages

20. What text looks like if you knowav. 60% across 1k+2k+AWL • In 1978/1979 , New Zealand  _______ 9. 15 million cubic  _______ of exotic  _______ of which 59 percent was  _______ ( as newsprint , pulp , sawn timber ,  _______ , and so on).  _______ capacity is expected to  _______ at about this  _______  _______ most of this decade. But based on  _______ of wood which will  _______ available from  _______ forests and planned  _______ plantings , production will progressively  _______ to 20 million cubic meters a year by the  _______ of the century. • If current planting  _______ are maintained with planting targets satisfied in each region and the  _______  _______ at the  _______ opportunity , the  _______  _______ supplies  _______ further  _______ to about 36  _______ cubic meters annually in the  _______ 2001-2015. The  _______ available wood  _______ should  _______ exceed domestic requirements , even if much is  _______ for  _______ production. • Even if  _______ in an unprocessed  _______ , the increasing wood supplies will  _______ a larger labour force , an  _______ roading network , and  _______ transport and processing facilities. If the  _______ are to be  _______ , then certain investments must be made. They will  _______ investments in : logging  _______ and equipment; logging trucks , and other  _______  _______ for the transport of processed  _______ ; upgrading and maintaining roads ( or rail or coastal shipping  _______ where  _______ ; and port facilities. The list  _______ be extended to include  _______ shipping , and accommodation and township facilities for forestry workers. •  _______  _______ costs will  _______ on the  _______ of processing and the  _______ of total production that is processed. At the potential maximum of 36  _______ cubic meters per annum there would be sufficient timber to  _______ the construction of a  _______ of pulp and newsprint mills costing  _______ to 4000 million dollars at 1978  _______ (  _______ upwards of  _______ 1000 million for extra electricity).  _______ the  _______  _______ expenditure is large over the  _______ three years (  _______ approaching 6000-7000 million  _______  _______ of  _______ and transport investment) , the incremental  _______ would  _______ average only 2-2. 5 percent of  _______ investment in all  _______ , though it would be higher in the years of  _______  _______ expansion. • It may well be that the  _______  _______ of return will be on exported  _______ . But there will be pressure for further processing to give more  _______ and earn more  _______ funds. • 77 GAPS IN 374 WORDS (20% GAPS)

21. What text looks like if you knowav. 70% across 1k+2k+AWL • In 1978/1979 , New Zealand produced 9. 15 million cubic  _______ of exotic logs of which 59  _______ was exported ( as newsprint , pulp , sawn timber , logs , and  _______ on). Productive  _______ is expected to remain at about this level throughout most of this  _______ . But based on volumes of wood which will become available from existing forests and planned new plantings , production will progressively increase to 20 million cubic meters a  _______ by the  _______ of the century. • If current planting rates are maintained with planting targets satisfied in each  _______ and the forests milled at the earliest opportunity , the  _______  _______  _______ could further  _______ to about 36 million cubic meters annually in the  _______ 2001-2015. The additional available  _______  _______ should  _______ exceed domestic requirements , even if much is used for  _______ production. • Even if used in an unprocessed form , the increasing wood supplies will require a  _______  _______ force , an improved roading network , and expanded transport and  _______ facilities. If the trees are to be exported , then certain investments must be made. They will include  _______ in : logging machinery and equipment; logging trucks , and  _______ vehicles required for the  _______ of processed products; upgrading and  _______ roads ( or rail or coastal shipping facilities where  _______ ; and port  _______ . The list could be extended to include overseas shipping , and accommodation and township facilities for forestry workers. • Other capital costs will  _______ on the degree of processing and the proportion of total production that is processed. At the potential maximum of 36 million cubic meters per annum there would be sufficient timber to  _______ the construction of a number of pulp and newsprint mills costing up to 4000  _______ dollars at 1978 prices (  _______  _______ of  _______ 1000  _______ for  _______ electricity). Although the  _______ total expenditure is large  _______ the  _______ three years ( possibly  _______ 6000-7000 million dollars inclusive of harvesting and  _______ investment) , the incremental  _______ would probably  _______ only 2-2. 5  _______ of  _______ investment in  _______ sectors ,  _______ it would be higher in the  _______ of most  _______ expansion. • It may well be that the best rate of return will be on  _______  _______ . But there will be pressure for  _______ processing to give more employment and earn  _______ overseas funds. • 51 GAPS IN 374 WORDS (13% GAPS)

22. What text looks like if you knowav. 80% across 1k+2k+AWL • In 1978/1979 , New Zealand produced 9. 15 million cubic tons of exotic logs of which 59 percent was exported ( as newsprint , pulp , sawn timber ,  _______ , and so on). Productive capacity is expected to remain at about this level throughout most of this  _______ . But based on volumes of wood which will become available from  _______ forests and planned new plantings , production will progressively increase to 20 million cubic meters a year by the turn of the century. • If current  _______ rates are maintained with  _______ targets satisfied in each region and the forests  _______ at the earliest opportunity , the  _______  _______ supplies could further increase to about 36  _______ cubic meters annually in the period 2001-2015. The additional available wood supply should greatly exceed domestic requirements , even if much is used for energy production. •  _______ if used in an unprocessed form , the increasing wood supplies will require a larger labour force , an improved roading network , and  _______ transport and processing facilities. If the trees are to be exported , then certain  _______ must be  _______ . They will include investments in : logging machinery and  _______ ; logging trucks , and other vehicles required for the transport of processed products; upgrading and maintaining roads ( or rail or coastal shipping facilities where  _______ ; and port facilities. The list could be extended to include overseas shipping , and accommodation and township  _______ for forestry  _______ . • Other  _______  _______ will depend on the  _______ of  _______ and the proportion of  _______ production that is processed. At the potential  _______ of 36 million cubic meters per annum there would be sufficient timber to allow the construction of a number of pulp and newsprint mills costing up to 4000 million dollars at 1978 prices ( excluding upwards of another 1000 million for extra electricity). Although the potential total expenditure is  _______ over the  _______ three years (  _______ approaching 6000-7000  _______ dollars inclusive of harvesting and transport investment) , the incremental  _______ would probably  _______  _______ 2-2. 5 percent of  _______ investment in all sectors , though it would be higher in the years of most rapid expansion. • It may well be that the best rate of return will be on exported  _______ . But there will be pressure for further processing to give more employment and  _______ more overseas funds. • 33 GAPS IN 374 WORDS (8% GAPS)

23. What text looks like if you knowav. 90% across 1k+2k+AWL • In 1978/1979 , New Zealand produced 9. 15 million cubic tons of exotic logs of which 59  _______ was exported ( as newsprint , pulp , sawn timber , logs , and  _______ on).  _______ capacity is expected to remain at about this level throughout most of this decade. But based on volumes of wood which will become available from existing forests and planned new plantings , production will progressively  _______ to 20 million cubic meters a year by the turn of the century. • If current planting rates are maintained with planting targets  _______ in each region and the forests milled at the earliest opportunity , the available  _______ supplies could further  _______ to about 36 million cubic meters annually in the period 2001-2015. The additional available wood supply should greatly exceed domestic requirements , even if much is used for energy production. • Even if used in an unprocessed form , the increasing wood supplies will require a larger labour  _______ , an improved roading network , and expanded transport and processing facilities. If the trees are to be  _______ , then certain investments must be made. They will include investments in : logging  _______ and equipment; logging trucks , and  _______ vehicles  _______ for the transport of processed products; upgrading and maintaining roads ( or rail or coastal shipping facilities where appropriate; and port facilities. The  _______ could be extended to include overseas shipping , and accommodation and township  _______ for forestry workers. •  _______ capital costs will  _______ on the degree of processing and the proportion of total production that is processed. At the potential maximum of 36 million cubic meters per annum there would be sufficient timber to allow the construction of a number of pulp and newsprint  _______ costing up to 4000 million dollars at 1978  _______ ( excluding upwards of another 1000 million for  _______ electricity). Although the potential total expenditure is large over the next three years ( possibly approaching 6000-7000  _______  _______ inclusive of  _______ and  _______ investment) , the incremental requirements would probably average  _______ 2-2. 5  _______ of total investment in all sectors , though it would be higher in the years of  _______ rapid expansion. • It may well be that the best rate of return will be on exported logs. But there will be pressure for further processing to give more employment and earn more overseas funds. • 26 GAPS IN 374 WORDS (6% GAPS)

24. Go Live • VocabProfile Cloze http://www.lextutor.ca/vp/ Those different versions of autobiographical memory can reinforce different cultural construals of the self. Memories that focus on the individual as a central character of the story help to reinforce an independent self, whereas memories that focus on important others and social interactions help to reinforce an interdependent self. One style is not better than the other. They are each adaptive within their own cultures. In American culture, remembering your own experiences is critical, because you need to construct a unique identity. Elaborate memory conversations are important to help children learn that skill. In Chinese culture, the hierarchy of the mother-child relationship is more important than building a unique identity. In both cases, the mother-child conversation is a socializing practice that tends to reinforce what's important in the culture. In American culture, it's important to have a child who is outgoing, who is not fearful, who has her own thoughts and feelings, who can do independent exploration. In Chinese culture, it's very important to make peace with others, to establish social harmony with others.

25. ANSWERS to Q1 and Q2 • If you don’t teach vocab… • Ss will still learn lots of vocab, esp. cognates, but not the stuff they need to get 95% coverage • What vocab do you teach? • 90% of 1k + 2k + AWL… minimally • How many words is that?A. Test your learners and find out what’s missing (1) www.lextutor.ca/tests (2)Batia’s CATS (online)B. Test your materials and find out what’s missing

28. Q3 – How? • Most coursebooks cannot do it • in principle • You need a dedicated vocab builder of some kind • Main possibilities…

37. BEST IDEA • Find out the frequency list your Ss are working on • Then let them work with the list directly • RESOURCE LINKED lists

49. Word Coach’s Pedagogy

50. Word Coach’s Coaches