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Neural Stem Cells : All You Need to Know

Neural stem cells are undifferentiated, self-renewing and multipotent cells. They have the ability to differentiate into neuronal neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. They are found in abundance throughout the central nervous system (CNS).<br><br>Neural stem cell transplantation can help repair and replenish damaged oligodendrocytes, as well as other brain tissue

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Neural Stem Cells : All You Need to Know

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  1. What are Neural Stem Cells? Neural stem cells are undifferentiated, self-renewing and multipotent cells. They have the ability to differentiate into neuronal neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. They are found in abundance throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Neural stem cell transplantation can help repair and replenish damaged oligodendrocytes, as well as other brain tissue.

  2. Why are Oligodendrocytes important? Oligodendrocytes produce brain tissue (myelin) and have the ability to self-renew. They play an integral role in neuronal communication (relaying of messages) through a process known as myelination. If oligodendrocytes sustain any kind of injury or damage, it can lead to a potentially life-threatening situation. Demyelination, a result of this damage, can cause motor and cognitive impairment.

  3. Types of Neural Stem Cells There are two types of neural stem cells found in the CNS. They are: Neural Tube Epithelial Cells Neural Precursor Cells

  4. Neural Tube Epithelial Cells (NTECs) The neural tube gives rise to the brain and spinal cord. NTECs line the neural tube during embryonic development. They play a vital role in the healthy functioning of the nervous system. They exist only in the embryonic stage, and generate/make way for two types of neurons: Radial glial neurons: These can simultaneously produce glial cells and/or neuronal precursor cells. The primary function of these neurons is to complete the basic nervous tissue in the nucleus and cortex of the brain, a part of childhood development. Neuroblasts: These are the main neural stem cells in the adult body. They can divide and produce neural precursor cells, glial cells, and neurons.

  5. Neural Precursor Cells (NPCs) These are typically a mixed population of neural stem cells and progenitor cells. They are undifferentiated cells. NPCs are found in both embryonic and adult brains, and can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. They help in the process of neurogenesis (formation and repair of neural tissues). NPCs are important for brain development, and cognitive function. They can be used for therapeutic applications, such as treating neurological conditions and injuries.

  6. Functions of Neural Stem Cells The following are the functions of neural stem cells: • They support the growth and development of the entire nervous system • They repair or replace damaged nerve tissue and neurons during illness This is why neural stem cell transplantation may be prescribed to treat certain neurological conditions, particularly those affecting the CNS.

  7. Treating Stroke with Neural Stem Cells Neural stem cells may be used to treat patients suffering post-stroke complications. There are two approaches that can support a patient They are: Endogenous Approach Exogenous Approach

  8. Endogenous Approach Adult NSCs that are present in the patient’s own body are stimulated to activate and differentiate within the damaged areas of the brain. Neurotrophic factors, small molecules, and other therapeutic interventions are harnessed to create a microenvironment conducive to neural stem cell activation and neurogenesis.

  9. Exogenous Approach NSCs may be extracted from various sources, such as embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or adult neural stem cells. The cultured NSCs are transplanted into the regions of the brain affected by stroke. They have the capability to differentiate into neurons and support cells, replacing damaged or lost tissue. This approach aims to enhance neural repair, modulate inflammation, and promote functional recovery after a stroke.

  10. Treating Parkinson’s with Neural Stem Cells It involves replenishing damaged or lost dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. When transplanted into the affected brain regions, NSCs differentiate into dopamine-producing neurons, restoring the neurotransmitter balance. This can considerably reduce tremor, which is a classic sign of Parkinson’s; and slow down the progression of the disease.

  11. Regenerative Rehabilitation at Plexus At Plexus Bangalore and Hyderabad, we offer customized regenerative rehabilitation programs for stroke, Parkinson’s, and other neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Our programs involve a combination of stem cell therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech and language therapy, cognitive rehabilitation therapy, and so on. To know more, reach out to us today. WhatsApp +91 89048 42087 Call +91 78159 64668 (Hyderabad) | +91 82299 99888 (Bangalore)

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