Providing First A id and Handling E mergencies

1. Providing First Aid and Handling Emergencies

2. Priorities in an emergency • Check the immediate surroundings for possible dangers • Check to see if the victim is conscious • Check breathing • Control severe bleeding • Check the victim for poisoning • Send for medical help (call 911)

3. Types of emergencies Open wounds: • Abrasion (scrape)- removes top 2 layers of skin. • Laceration (cut)- generally caused by a sharp object such as knife or glass. Can also be caused by a blunt force for example a bat. Usually accompanied by moderate to severe bleeding. • Puncture (wound)- caused by a thin, longer sharp object. Might not see any severe bleeding. If internal organs are damaged there is an increased chance of infection and damage. • Avulsion (tissue separation)- tissue is separated partly or completely from persons body.

4. Treatment • Stop the bleeding- apply direct pressure to top of wound or to pressure point. When applying direct pressure, use a thick clean cloth and press firmly to the heel of your hand and add layers as the blood soaks through. • Protect the wound- normally a clean cloth to an open wound will help protect it from infection. If cloth is not available a coat, undershirt, or any other clean covering will do. • Treat for shock- shock may result from severe bleeding, heart attack, electrocution, poisoning, burns, or sudden changes in temperature. • Get help- call for help

5. BURNS • First Degree-least severe ( sunburn ) burn to first few layers of skin. • Second Degree- ( blisters ) • Third Degree – most serious, burn all layers of skin + nerves, muscles , fat and or bones

6. Treatment for Burns • Running cool water for at least 5 min • Apply clean, dry dressing to avoid infection • If possible elevate, treat for shock?

7. Poisoning • First Aid for swallowing poison… • Call 911- direct you to the poison control center • Need info on the poison: tell you what to do (like drink water or milk)

8. Choking, Rescue Breathing and CPR Choking in Adults How do you know if someone is choking………FOR REAL ??? • You will see them grab their throat (International symbol for choking ) • You will hear……………….ABSOLUTELEY NOTHING. • They may bang and try to get someone's attention

9. What do you do? • If someone is choking you will perform the Heimlich Maneuver (named after the German scientist who invented it) • Now more commonly known as Abdominal Thrusts Step 1 : LANDMARK • Stand behind the victim • Wrap your arms around them coming from underneath the armpits • Pinky fingers touching their hip bone that sticks out from the front • Thumbs meet in the middle on a 45 degree angle • The target………. The diaphragm!!!!!

10. What to do continued…. Step 2: • Non dominant hand make a fist • Other hand used to deliver thrusts • Fist placed on the diaphragm that has been targeted already • Thrusting is done towards YOUR CHIN ( or on a 45 degree angle ) • Continue until the blockage is dislodged

11. What if …………………… The person passes out ? • Gently lie them on their back • Straddle their legs and face them • Continue abdominal thrusts with the palm of your hand You are home alone? • You must administer abdominal thrusts to yourself using the back of a chair or the edge of a table.

12. Choking in Infants • For infants, abdominal thrusts are not recommended because it may do damage…they are too little! • For children under 1 yrs. old • Place the infant upside down over your arm • Give four blows to their back between their shoulder blades • Turn them over and with the index and middle finger press on the babies diaphragm, repeat 4 times • Continue until the object is dislodged

13. Rescue Breathing and CPR • When someone is not able to breath on their own OR have no pulse you must call 911 and attempt to resuscitate them ! Here is what you do if you come upon a victim that may in trouble… • Check surrounding for danger to yourself, then try to wake them up by banging the floor/shouting and pinch them back of the arm. • LOOK and LISTEN for breathing. Place ear over nose and mouth area looking at the belly button and do the following • Look – to see if the chest/abdomen rises and falls • Listen- for air coming in and out of the nose/mouth

14. Rescue breathing and cpr continued… • Check for a pulse: Place index and middle finger in the neck when the carotid artery is • IF THEY ARE NOT BREATHING AND/OR HAVE NO PULSE = EMERGENCY = 911 • Perform Rescue Breathing…….. Tilt chin • Plug Nose • Two Breaths in ( your mouth must seal victims mouth ) • Perform 30 Chest compressions interlock hands, locate the sternum (mid chest) • Repeat 2 rescue breaths and 30 chest compressions until help arrives or the victim comes to. • Place in recovery position on their side

15. More Common Emergencies Strains and Sprains • Use the R.I.C.E. method aka I.C.E.R. • Rest • Ice – (15 to 20 minutes on) (off for 15 to 20 minutes) repeat. • Compression- (tensor bands, tape) • Elevation

16. Bee Stings • Use white vinegar Nosebleeds • Never blow your nose • Tilt head forward • Pinch the nose • If bleeding persists and does not clot, seek medical attention

17. Heart Attack/Stroke Signs of Stroke • Weakness, sudden loss of strength or numbness in the face • Trouble Speaking • Vision Problems • Dizziness • Headache, sudden and severe

18. Signs of Heart attack • Chest pain • Possible neck, jaw, arm, back and shoulder discomfort • Shortness of breath • Nausea • Sweating • Light Headedness • Denial