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Imperialism Web Quest Project. What is imperialism?. http://www.schooltube.com/video/ac2414c89334f8b8b9b6/ Click the link above. This video will give you a summary of the causes of imperialism. Watch from the beginning until the time says 5:18.
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What is imperialism? • http://www.schooltube.com/video/ac2414c89334f8b8b9b6/ • Click the link above. • This video will give you a summary of the causes of imperialism. • Watch from the beginning until the time says 5:18.
Extent of colonization in square miles in the World as of 1914 [The year WWI started]
Before we get into Western Imperialism in China, we should probably talk about China’s history so you’re up-to-date on what’s been happening.
Chinese Government • When you think Chinese History, think of dynasties. • A dynasty is a series of rulers from the same family or line. • China had dynasties for thousands of years. • The leader of the dynasty, or China, was the Emperor. • The last Chinese dynasty ended 100 years ago, so they don’t have dynasties anymore. • The rise and fall of dynasties follows a pattern known as the Dynastic Cycle.
Start here A new dynasty comes to power. The emperorreforms the govt.and makes it moreefficient. Emperor isdefeated !! Lives of common people improve;taxes reduced;farming encouraged. TheDynasticCycle Rebel bands findstrong leader whounites them.Attack the emperor. Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.) Poor loserespect for govt.They join rebels& attack landlords. Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.Farming neglected. Droughts,floods,famines occur. Govt. increasesspending; corruption.
Qin Han Warring States Sui Tang Song Yuan Ming Qing These are the dynasties of China, but you will only learn about two of them. The Ming and the Qing. Dynasties of China
Ming Dynasty 1368-1644
Before the Ming Dynasty • China was ruled by foreigners for thousands of years. • Right before the Ming Dynasty China was ruled by Mongols, people from Mongolia, which is a country above China. • However, by the middle of the 1300s, the Mongols were struggling to keep control, because: • There was the Black Plague in China. • They continued to lose land that they had previously captured. • Their enemies kept increasing.
Start of the MING dynasty • Because the Mongols were becoming weaker, the Chinese finally overthrew the Mongols and pushed them out of China. • This was the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. • As a result, the Chinese People are going to begin to express themselves and their new found pride in controlling themselves. • They do this by having their own “renaissance” which is called “The Cultural Revolution.”
Cultural revolution • It was a revolution [change] in culture [way people lives and expressed themselves]! • So, what changed? • Printing • Literacy • Art • Culture
MING Dynasty’s contact With Europe • The Ming Dynasty didn’t have any contact with Europe for hundreds of years. • The Ming Dynasty kept itself isolated from the outside world. • In 1514, Portugal arrived in china. • The Chinese responded to this contact by giving the Portuguese presence little thought. However, it did cause some curiosity among the Chinese people and the European nations.
Fall of Ming Dynasty • In 1644, the Ming Dynasty is overthrown by foreigners. These foreigners were the Manchurians, which were people from Manchuria. • Today, Manchuria is a part of China.
Qing Dynasty 1644-1911
Start of the Qing Dynasty • Manchurians had taken control of China from the Ming Dynasty, which meant China no longer controlled itself. • Despite this change in control, a couple things did stay the same. This included the culture of the country and the fact that the emperor still lived in the “Forbidden City”. • Because of this change in control, China did began to trade with Europe.
European View of Trade During the Qing Dynasty Chinese View of Trade During the Qing Dynasty • Because Europe really wanted to trade with China, there was a huge demand for Chinese goods. • This demand included products such as, silk, porcelain, tea, and spices. • Because of the restrictions the Chinese government placed on trade with Europe, the European traders were unable to meet the demand of its people for Chinese goods. • Another problem was that China would only accept silver from Britain and Britain had a limited supply of silver to give. • China placed restrictions on European trade by only allowing the Europeans to trade at a few selected ports. • Also, China only allowed its people to buy silver from the Europeans. • Buying any other product was against the law.
Britain’s Solution to Their Problem • Because of the limitations the Chinese had placed on trade with Europeans, the British had to find a way around these laws in order to keep making money and get Chinese goods. • The British answer to this problem was to start selling the Chinese opium, which is a highly addictive drug.
What is Opium? • Opium is a very addictive drug made from the juice of a poppy plant. • Opium, morphine, heroin, and codeine are made from this plant. • Using this drug can cause intense feelings of well-being and addiction to opium. • This drug is still a big problem in South East Asia.
Britain’s Plan • Englandtakes over the country of India and starts growing opium there. Once the opium was made and packaged, it was shipped from India to China. • England illegally imported or smuggled the opium into China. • As a result of this plan the Chinese people became addicted to the drug and were glad to keep buying it from the British. • As can be expected, the Chinese government was mad.
Response of the Chinese Government • The Chinese government responded by destroying all opium. • The government raided houses, British ships, and warehouses in order to find the drug.
Britain Responds with the Opium Wars • Britain responds by starting a war. • This war was between the British and the Chinese government. • In the end, the British won in a humiliating defeat of the Chinese. • There were two Opium Wars. • The Second Opium War started and ended the same way as the First Opium War did.
Results of the Opium Wars • After the Chinese were defeated in the Opium Wars, they were forced to open all of their ports. • Also, the Chinese were forced to legalize opium. • Because of the legalization of Opium, the British became extremely rich by selling opium to the Chinese. • China was also forced to give the island of Hong Kong to Britain. Hong Kong wasn’t returned to China until 1997.
After the Opium War • Now that China’s ports were opened, everyone began to trade with China and China could do nothing about it. • France, England, Germany, Portugal, and even Japan began to have a “Sphere of Influence” over China. • A sphere of influence is a country that has control or influence over another country’s economy.
China Makes One Last Attempt • China tries to make one last attempt to beat the Europeans and push them out of China. • This attempt is known as the Boxer Rebellion.
Boxer Rebellion • http://www.smplanet.com/teaching/imperialism/#boxer1 • Go to this link to read about the Boxer Rebellion. • Answer the related questions in your packet.
Results of the Boxer rebellion • Europe and American troops invade China in order to put down the Boxer Rebellion. • As a result, the Boxer Rebellion fails and the beginnings of civil war are seen in China.
Civil War • The Chinese people were tired of losing wars and rebellions and they disagreed on if they should trade with Europeans or not. • The Chinese people disagreed on whether or not to trade with the Europeans. Also, they disagreed on the government. Some thought the government was fine, while others thought a new form of government should be adopted. • This new form was Communism.
End of the Qing Dynasty • Civil war broke out and the emperor went into hiding because half the people in China were against the government. • Therefore, following the Dynastic Cycle, the Qing Dynasty fell.
The Last Emperor of China • The last emperor of China was Pu Yi. • He became the emperor at age 2, during Qing Dynasty. • In 1912, Pu Yi was kicked out at the age of 6. His family and servants all leave the Forbidden Palace and go into hiding. • Civil War breaks out in China and lasts for the next decade. • Therefore, the Qing was the last dynasty of China and Pu Yi was the last Emperor of China.
Japan • Japan was able to keep foreign powers out of its lands longer than any other Asian nations. • Gradually, however, Japan allowed missionary activity and commercial trade. Both of which broke down Japan’s resistance. • In 1854, when the United States and other Western nations were allowed in the country, anti-Westernization rioting broke out and it looked as if Japan would follow the footsteps of China. • However, the anti-Westernization movement turned inward and targeted the shogun, or Japanese ruler, who had allowed the Western nations to come into Japan. • In 1867 the Japanese people demanded a restoration of the emperor. • In 1868, Emperor Mutsuhito began his reign which is called the Meiji period. The emperor’s policies managed to limit Western imperialism, while learning about Western technology, politics, government, trade, science, and finance.
Japan • By 1895, Japan had defeated China in a war over Korea. As a result, the Chinese gave Taiwan to the Japanese. • In 1900 Japanese troops helped Europeans and Americans put down the Boxer Rebellion in China. • In 1904, Japan also defeated Russia in war. • Finally, after World War I, Japan-as Britain's ally-was awarded the former German territories in China's Shandong peninsula. • Following the model of the Western powers, Japan had become an imperial nation, while China had been reduced from a powerful empire to a victim of imperialism.
Setting the Stage for Imperialism in Southeast Asia • http://www.santiagohs.org/ourpages/auto/2008/11/24/53507374/CM6_362-365.pdf • Click the link above! • Read until you reach the section titled “U.S. Imperialism in the Pacific Islands” • Answer the related questions in the packet.
French in Vietnam • In Vietnam the French grabbed lands and began to build plantations that produced rubber and other forest products. • Vietnamese farmers were ignored. Vietnam's farmers continued to suffer from the usual droughts and floods. • A new class of Vietnamese had come into being: people who labored for the French as servants in mines, on French plantations, construction sites, or in factories. The French paid them as little as they could. As in Africa, the French were taxing the Vietnamese and drafting them to labor on public works. On one such project -- the Hanoi-Yunnan Phu railway -- 25,000 Vietnamese died. Conditions in Vietnam in general were creating a decline in Vietnam's population. • In 1908, Vietnamese farmers responded to a rise in taxes by marching to the French administration headquarters. For weeks, thousands of peasants picketed the governor's office. The protest spread, and the French retaliated. Demonstrators were gunned down and whole villages were burned to the ground. Thousands were arrested, and two Vietnamese scholars who had spoken against French policies were executed.
Vietnam Prezi • http://prezi.com/u3h_svth5wq_/present/?auth_key=kkx9g7f&follow=_r6znt_ruswl&kw=present-u3h_svth5wq_&rc=ref-16052024 • Click the link above to learn about Imperialism in Vietnam! • Answer the related questions in your packet. • http://prezi.com/u3h_svth5wq_/imperialism-in-vietnam/ - Use this link if the one above doesn’t work.
Background • In the early 1800s, European nations had just a toehold in Africa, holding only areas along the coast. Renewed interest in Africa rose from a desire to create overseas empires, a movement called imperialism. As a result of these factors, the nations of Europe began to seize lands in Africa. Ignoring the claims of African ethnic groups, kingdoms, and city-states, Europeans established colonial claims. Technology helped them succeed. Steam engines, railroads, and telegraphs made them able to penetrate deep into Africa and still have contact with the home country. Machine guns gave them a weapon of far greater power than any African peoples possessed. They were also helped by the lack of unity among African peoples. The events called the European "scramble for Africa" began in the 1880s. The Europeans began to build plantations where they grew peanuts, palm oil, cocoa, and rubber. They also took important minerals. The Congo produced copper and tin.
Summary of Imperialism in Africa • http://pols306503.wordpress.com/2010/09/13/video-link-discovery-channels-european-imperialism-in-africa/ • Click the link above to watch a video which summarizes European Imperialism in Africa. • Answer the related questions in the packet.
Motivations for Imperialism • The Portuguese were the 1st Europeans to reach the southern tip of Africa in the late 15th century. For Europeans, this land promised a sea route to India. • Portuguese fishing settlements developed across the southern coast. • In 1652 the Dutch East India Company established a port at the Cape of Good Hope. This was the beginning of Dutch settlements across South Africa.
Motivations Continued… • Afrikaners (Dutch settlers) and Boers (Dutch farmers in South Africa) enslaved the native African populations and forced them to work on farms, in mines, and as servants. • Because of the value of South Africa’s ports and in order to keep France from annexing the colony, Britain captured South Africa in 1806.
More Motivations… • The British abolished the slavery in the colony and this angered the Dutch because their economy was based on slave labor. • Because of this, the Dutch began a large scale migration to the interior of the country. This became known as the “Great Trek” in 1837. • The Dutch settled on the land of the Zulu, an African Kingdom. This led to conflicts between the two groups as they fought over control of the land. • In the end, the Dutch defeated the Zulu’s and established laws segregating whites and blacks in the colony. • The discovery of diamonds in 1867 and gold in 1884 would bring the conflicts between the Dutch, British, and native African populations to a new level.
Berlin Conference, 1884-1885 • Because of its size, surface features, climate, resources, and strategic importance, Africa became a prime candidate for conquest by ambitious European empires. Although Africa is physically remote from the power centers of Europe, North America, and Asia, it is surrounded by water and can therefore be reached easily from the other continents. This meant that the Europeans needed to establish rules for dealing with one another if they were to avoid constant bloodshed and competition for African resources. The Berlin Conference established those ground rules. • By the mid-nineteenth century, Europeans had established colonies all along the African coast and competed for control. The push for overseas territories was made even more intense by the Industrial Revolution and the need for cheap labor, raw material, and new markets. The competition between the Europeans often lead to violent conflict. • The conference was held in Berlin between November 15, 1884 and November 26, 1885, under the leadership of German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. Although controlling the slave trade and promoting humanitarian idealism were said to be the focus of the conference, the conference only passed empty resolutions about the ending of slave trade and providing for the welfare of Africa. In truth, the result of the Conference was a method of dividing the continent of Africa between the European powers. • Article 34 of the Berlin Act states that any European nation that took possession of an African coast, or named themselves as “protectorate” of one, had to inform the other powers of the Berlin Act of this action. If this was not done then their claim would not be recognized. This article introduced the “spheres of influence” doctrine, the control of a coast also meant that they would control the surrounding area to an almost unlimited distance. • The Berlin Act was an important change in international affairs. It created the rules for “effective occupation” of conquered lands, ensuring that the division of Africa would take place without war among the European powers. Through the Berlin Act, the European powers justified dividing a continent among themselves without considering the desires of the indigenous peoples. • While this appears extremely arrogant to us now, it seemed to them to be the obvious extension of their imperialism. The Berlin Conference is one of the most clear examples of the assumptions and preconceptions of this era, and its effects on Africa can still be seen today.
