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Publishing Web Pages: How to Make Your HTML Pages Show Up on the Web

Learn how to publish your HTML pages on the web, transfer files to a web server, set permissions, and test the URL in your browser. Understand web servers, URLs, and file paths.

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Publishing Web Pages: How to Make Your HTML Pages Show Up on the Web

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Presentation Transcript

  1. John Magee9 November 2012 CS120 Lecture 17a: Publishing Web pages

  2. Overview/Questions • So I got some HTML pages and stuff. How do I make them show up on the web? • What are web servers, anyway? • How do we transfer files to a web server? • Who can see my pages? • URLs, absolute path, and relative path revisited.

  3. How to Publish a Web Page • Create HTML document, locate ancillary files (e.g images). • Transfer files to web server • Set permissions for read access • Test the URL in your browser

  4. Recall: Displaying a WWW Page

  5. What’s a Web Server? Is it hardware?  yes! Is it software?  yes! How is it both? What hardware is needed? What software is needed?

  6. What’s a Web Server? Web server: a software application which waits for /responds to HTTP requests. Tim Berners-Lee wrote 2 applications to make the web: • A web browser called WorldWideWeb • A server called HTTPd The first WWW Server at CERN.

  7. What’s a Web Server? Today’s web servers use high-performance hardware like this: (fast network and disk access) Pictured: IBM Blade Servers hosting files.myopera.com, photo from Wikipedia

  8. What’s a web server? The Apache HTTP Server is the most popular web server (since 1996). Roles: • Processing HyperText Transfer Protocol • Logging • Delivering static content from the file system • Running scripts to deliver dynamic content

  9. LAMP Model The most common structure for web applications uses this configuration: Linux operating system for a server Apache web server software MySQL database software PHP/Perl/Python scripting language to create dynamic HTML

  10. How a Web Server Works • Receives HTTP Request • Search for resource (file) on disk • Send HTTP Response (status code + data) • If not found: status 404 (NOT FOUND) • If not permitted: status 403 (FORBIDDEN) • … • Else: status 200 (OK) + send data

  11. cs-people.bu.edu Our WWW server is www.cs.clarku.edu. The web server has a file system which it searches for a URI (resource pathnames). • Subdirectories for individual users: • http://www.cs.clarku.edu/<username> • Example: • http://www.cs.clarku.edu/~jmagee

  12. Your UNIX Home Directory With the CS UNIX account, each user has a “home” directory: General form: /home/<username>/ Example: /home/jmagee/ This has a UNIX pseudonym of ~.

  13. Your WWW Directory The web server will map this URL: http://www.cs.clarku.edu/~<username>/ to your CS UNIX’s account’s ~/public_html/ directory

  14. Locate files in Finder/Windows Explorer Find your files on your local computer

  15. How to Transfer Files to csgateway.clarku.edu Use a file transfer client-program: • Fetch (Mac) http://fetchsoftworks.com/ (a free academic license is available) • WinSCP (Windows) http://winscp.net/eng/index.php (also free) - SSH Secure Shell (Windows)

  16. Connecting by WinSCP: • Hostname: csgateway.clarku.edu • Be sure to use the “SFTP” protocol

  17. WinSCP to csa2.bu.edu After you connect, transfer files by drag’n’drop. Then right-click to set permissions.

  18. File Permissions File Permissions Each file has its own set of permissions for: • Reading, writing or executing • Owner, group, or others • This leads to a 3x3 matrix of permissions:

  19. Setting Permissions by WinSCP • Right-click to open this dialog • Set the permissions to 644

  20. Transferring File by Fetch • Use drag’n’drop interface to transfer files… • Then use the Get Info button to set permissions.

  21. Setting Permissions by Fetch • Set permissions to 644

  22. Testing the Webpage: After uploading the files, test in your browser: There are two special filenames that the web server looks for automatically: • home.html • index.html

  23. Take-Away Points • Web server • UNIX home directory • File Transfer Protocol • UNIX File Permissions

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