Globalization

1. Globalization • The Notion of Globalization • Social structures transformed by the process of Globalization: - Nation State; - International system; - Governance. • Transformation of the pattern of political practice • Global civil society • The ‘cosmopolitan democracy thesis’

2. The Notion of Globalization • Internationalization- interconnectedness between national units; • Liberalization- free movement of resources; • Universilisation- the planetary spread of the phenomenon; • Westernization- the dominance of the western culture; • Deterritoriazation/ supraterritoriality- the overarching concept, referring to the social connections that transcend territorial geography.

3. The Nation State • Nation State: - Defined through sovereignty: internal (unrestricted power within certain territorial boundaries) and external (entitlement to represent the respective territories and populations in the interstate relations). - Defined through 4 principal characteristics: political identity- inclusion into certain sovereignty (citizenship); culture- homogenized and vertical culture, cultural identity; money- the central control over money; organized violence- monopoly over the legitimate use of coercive power • The end of the sovereign territorial state?

4. The international system Historical forms of the international system (David Held): - Westphalian system- the affirmed national sovereignty; - UN Charta system- same principle, the world exchanges and cooperation remained intergovernmental; • Globalization- a variety of non-territorial actors on the international scene

5. Democracy • Classical idea of representative democracy • Representation:territorial constituency • Accountability • Problems with the classical idea of democracy and its principle elements: the nature of constituency, the meaning of representation, the proper form and scope of political participation, the relevance of the territorial state as a guarantor of its citizens’ rights, duties and welfare. • Multilevel governance.

6. Transformation of the pattern of political practice • Rising of non-state actors • Occurrence of non-national concerns • Political consequences - Multi-layered governance - Some privatisation of governance - Constructing of new identities - New meaning of citizenship - New meaning of democracy

7. Global Civil Society • Definition- comprises organised concerns independently of the state, government and market • Description: • Purpose: to shape policies, norms and/or deeper social structures; • Membership; • Structure: unitary/ centralised entities, federations, and networks; • Capacity levels: resources and access to information; • Tactics: lobbying, mobilisation, dissemination of information and research; • Objectives: conformists, reformists and radicals.

8. The Cosmopolitan Democracy Thesis • The problems with democratic practices. • Definition of a ‘world order’: democracy inside nations, democracy among states, and global democracy’ (Archibugi, 1998); this model does not abolish the principle of sovereign statehood; both centralised and disperse model; inconclusive process. • Global institutional building: multilayered governance, issue area and constituency problem; multilateralism and global institutional layer. • Global State? : structuring and institutionalisation of the governance in a global space.