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Ecology

Ecology . The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. 2 types of environments. Biotic – organisms Abiotic – physical factors such as temperature, precipitation, and soil. Organization of the environment. Organism – single Population- many of the same kind

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Ecology

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  1. Ecology The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment

  2. 2 types of environments • Biotic – organisms • Abiotic – physical factors such as temperature, precipitation, and soil

  3. Organization of the environment • Organism – single • Population- many of the same kind • Community – different kinds living together • Ecosystem – different kinds living together (community) with abiotic factors • Biosphere – all ecosystems together

  4. All life Requires Energy • Law of conservation of energy – energy is not created or destroyed • Where do we get our energy?

  5. Energy Pathway • Producers – use sunlight to make food • Consumers – eat producers - herbivores = eat plants - carnivores = eat animals - omnivores = eat both - scavengers = eat dead animals • Decomposers - break down the remains of dead organisms (decomposition reactions!) • See page 11 in your text book

  6. The Math of the Energy Pathway! • There are 12,000 units of the sun’s energy available to grass at the base of an energy pyramid. Grass stores 10% of the available energy, so that energy becomes available to the next consumer, a rabbit. The rabbit a consumer of grass stores 10 % of the energy that was stored in the grass. A coyote, a consumer of rabbits, stores 10% of the energy that was stored in the rabbit. Calculate the units of food energy stored in the grass, the rabbit, and the coyote.

  7. The Answers! • The grass stores 10% of the suns energy 0.1 x 12,000 = 1,200 units of energy • The rabbit stores 10% of the grass’ stored energy 0.1 x 1,200 = 120 units of energy • The coyote stores 10% of the rabbits stored energy 0.1 x 120 = 12 units of energy

  8. We manage this energy by: • Food Chain – how energy in food molecules flows from one organism to the next - notice that energy from the sun is lost at each level of the food chain • Food web – all the different pathways energy from food travels • Which is the most complicated?

  9. Food chains and webs Food Chain Food Web

  10. Food web exercise! • Use your computer and graphics to construct a food web

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