Dr. Sharon Q. Yang Associate Professor/Systems Librarian Rider University, NJ, USA

1. New Directions in Information Organization-A Linked Data Model with BIBFRAMEXI International Conference on University LibrariesNational Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico CityNov. 6-8, 2013 Dr. Sharon Q. Yang Associate Professor/Systems Librarian Rider University, NJ, USA

2. Many Ways and Parts to Organize Information/knowledge • The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) • Library of Congress Classification (LCC) • Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) • Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR2) • Describing Archives: A Content Standard, Second Edition (DACS) • Visual Resource Association Core (VRA) • Resource Description and Access (RDA) • BIBFRAME • Linked Data model • More…

3. RDA, BIBFRAME, & Linked Data Model • Three pieces are closely related. • RDA gets bibliographic data ready for Linked Data/the Semantic Web. • BIBFRAME is an abbreviated name for LC Bibliographic Framework Initiative. • BIBFRAME will be the new data presentation standard (MARC is for displaying library data, not for linking) • BIBFRAME is a Linked Data model.

4. BIBFRAME • Zepheira headed by Eric Miller has been working with LC on the BIBFRAME project to replace MARC. • Eric Miller has both library and Semantic Web experience. • The progress can be monitored at the official website http://www.bibframe.org. Photo from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-TD4jTWn3U

5. What Does BIBFRAME Do? Existing MARC Records BIBFRAME/linked data, part of the Web Data Cataloged with RDA/FRBR

6. What Do We Know about BIBFRAME? • A totally new bibliographic environment • Robust enough to convert the past 40 years of MARC records • Flexible enough to deal with the future information organization (New formats of information and requirements of more communities ) • Not only for libraries and other memory organizations such as archives, museums, publishers, big data, but a wider range of communities

7. More on BIBFRAME • Data elements-atomistic elements, each of which contains one type of information. • Recombinant data-assemble the data in any way a community wants (think about legos). • Community profiles-allow any individual community to create their data that makes sense to them. • Connect/link data among the communities. • Value added-Create new data with new meanings from existing data, small building blocks to larger building blocks. • Data are reusable. • Part of the Web, not on the Web.

8. BIBFRAME Structure • Creative work-A resource reflecting a conceptual essence of the cataloging item • Instance-A resource reflecting an individual, material embodiment of the work • Authority-Aresource reflecting key authority concepts that have defined relationships reflected in the Work and Instance. Examples of Authority Resources include People, Places, Topics, Organizations, etc. • Annotation-A resource that decorates other BIBFRAME resources with additional information (Library Holdings information, cover art and reviews) (http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/marcld-report-11-21-2012.pdf)

11. Linked Data? “A term used to describe a recommended best practice for exposing, sharing, connecting, pieces of data, information, and knowledge on the Semantic Web using URIs and RDF.” (http://www.niso.org/news/events/2013/dcmi/bibframework) The Semantic Web is based on Linked Data. Two words are used interchangeably by us. URI and RDF?

12. What Is Linked Data Model/Semantic Web? • A vision by Tim Berners-Lee, Director of World Wide Web Consortium, in late 1999 • Web 3.0, the Semantic Web, Giant Global Graph, • Web of linked ata, a web of data • An extension of current Web, not a replacement • “A web of data that can be processed directly and indirectly by machines” –Tim Berners-Lee *Photo of Tim Berners-Lee in 2005 from Wikipedia

13. Three Things to Remember about Linked Data Model/the Semantic Web • Machines understand/process data • Entity relationships (RDA is also about entity relationships) • Relationships among humans and things • properties of humans and things (attributes and values) • A Web of linked data vs. a Web of linked documents

14. A Word May Have Many Meanings… • I love Boston-Which of the 26 Bostons in the world? • UC Berkeley –People write it in 50 different ways on the Internet (MetawebInc . at http://wiki.freebase.com/wiki/Main_Page) • A single entity • A single entity vs. text of different meanings and spellings • A single entity is a thing, place, person, concept, object or anything

15. Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) • An entity may be represented by URI in Linked Data model • An entity is also called a resource • Examples of URI from LCSH in SKOS • Example of URI - Shakespeare • Example of URI – 911 Terrorist attacks • Example of URI- Semantic Web • URI is the first important building block in linking data

16. Resource Description Framework (RDF)-Entity Relationship Model RDF statements are often referred to as “triples” that consist of a subject, predicate, and object, which correspond to a resource (subject), a property (predicate), and a property value (object).

17. RDF Triples • Subject – an entity (URI) • Predicate -property or attribute (URI) • Object – a property value (can be a URI or text) • Examples: • New York-- is place of publication of --Raintree County • Viking Penguin-- is publisher of --Raintree County • 1994-- is date of publication of-- Raintree County (CarenKoyle “Library Data in the Web World”) • T-shirt –color-red • Languages: RDF/XMS, N3, Turtle, N-Triples, Json

18. RDF/XML ”The Secret Agent” is written by Joseph Conrad <rdf:RDF      xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"      xmlns:lib="http://www.zvon.org/library">  <rdf:Description about="The Secret Agent">           <lib:creator>Joseph Conrad</lib:creator>     </rdf:Description>           </rdf:RDF> Is created by RDF Tutorial at http://zvon.org/xxl/RDFTutorial/General/contents.html http://library.rider.edu/books/TheSecretAgent http://www.nndb.com/JosephConrad

19. Silos MSSQL Oracle MySQl

20. Interoperability and Cross Domain Sharing Shared Base Ontology and Common Vocabulary Database 1 Database 2 Database 3

21. Vocabularies and Ontologies • Vocabulary - A collection of terms given a well-defined meaning that is consistent across contexts. • Ontology - Allows you to define contextual relationships behind a defined vocabulary. It is the cornerstone of defining a knowledge domain. (Semantic Modeling Tutorial at www.linkeddatatools.com)

22. Semantic Web Ontologies • “An ontology is a formal specification of a shared conceptualization”1 • “the success of the semantic Web depends predominantly on the proliferation of ontologies…” 2 • Different domain has different ontology • Ontologies are written in Web Ontology Language (OWL) and RDFS (RDF Schema) and others. 1. Tom Gruber at http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/kst/what-is-an-ontology.html 2. Kaushal Girl “Role of Ontology in Semantic Web”

23. Finished Ontologies

24. What Do We Really Want? • Get all the bib data in RDF statements • Link them by entity relationships • Sharevocabularies and ontologies with other communities • Be part of the Semantic Web, not in library silo

25. Examples • LCSH in SKOS Or OCLC FAST • OCLC Worldcat • BIBFRAME • Google • Friend of a Friend (FOAF)

26. The Biggest Challenge Decompose/convert the existing MARC into RDF statements

27. Thank You yangs@rider.edu