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Research Methods (Overview)

Research Methods (Overview). Experiments Surveys Unobtrusive methods Field Studies . Research Methods in Soc Sciences. Experiments Survey research Field research Existing data research Comparative research. Classic Experiment. At least two groups (control and experimental)

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Research Methods (Overview)

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  1. Research Methods (Overview) Experiments Surveys Unobtrusive methods Field Studies

  2. Research Methods in Soc Sciences • Experiments • Survey research • Field research • Existing data research • Comparative research

  3. Classic Experiment • At least two groups (control and experimental) • Randomly assign people to groups • Treat the experimental group by manipulation the independent variable • Observe the effect of the treatment on the dependent variable in the experimental group • Compare the dependent variable differences in the experimental and control groups

  4. Experiment • Classic experiment is not always possible • There are other designs used as well

  5. Asch Conformity Experiment • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYIh4MkcfJA&feature=related

  6. Milgram's Obedience to Authority Experiment 2009 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PassGyF8X8&feature=PlayList&p=5CC7F7D6054E7428&index=0&playnext=1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-WLV7mMwGz0&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Ahc7FYFGno&feature=related

  7. Face Research (FaceResearch.org) • Rate attractiveness (facial, voice, different ages, etc.) and other qualities in Flash-based tests designed by psychologists at the University of Aberdeen • Each respondent is shown a pair of faces and asked to choose preference (of whatever quality is being tested) and rate images on a 1-10 scale

  8. Bad Vibes • Sound psychology experiment from Salford University to find out what makes a sound unpleasant. • Fingernails on a blackboard? • Babies screaming? • Dentist’s drill?

  9. Survey • Data are usually collected through the use of questionnaires, although sometimes researchers directly interview subjects • The questionnaire, or survey, can be a written document that is completed by the person being surveyed, an online questionnaire, a face-to-face interview, or a telephone interview

  10. Field Study • A piece of research undertaken outside the laboratory or place of learning, usually in a natural environment or among the general public • METHODS: Observations and interviews

  11. Observation • Observation is a research technique in which a researcher directly observe the behavior of individuals in their usual social environments, not in a laboratory

  12. Different strategies • Complete Participant –researcher goes “undercover” and does not tell people being observed that he/she is doing research • Complete Observer –researcher views things from a distance or one-way mirror • Participant Observer – people know that they are observed

  13. Life history and case studies • In-depth analysis of one or a few cases • Sutherland’s “The Professional Thief” (1937) • Shaw’s “The Jack-Roller: A Delinquent Boy's Own Story “

  14. Unobtrusive Research • Unobtrusive methods are strategies for studying people’s behavior in ways that do not have an impact on the subjects

  15. Unobtrusive methods • Use of existing statistics • Content analysis

  16. Statistics • Source: The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) • Ongoing since 1972, this survey of households interviews about 134,000 persons age 12 and older in 77,200 households each year about their victimizations from crime.

  17. Triangulation • Every method has both strengths and weaknesses • Whenever possible researchers use more than one method to obtain data • Triangulation – methods are combined so that the strengths of one method overcome the weakness of another method

  18. Example of Triangulation • Suppose you study the impact of neighborhood problems on youth development • Census information (unobtrusive) about poverty level in neighborhoods • Survey among youth and parents • Observations

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