1 / 13

Naming the invisible

Naming the invisible. Nomenclature and notation. 1. Nomenclature. a) Definition: System of official names given to chemical compounds in the field of science E.g. carbon dioxide sodium chloride. Nomenclature. b) Steps for binary covalent molecules

allistair-buck
Télécharger la présentation

Naming the invisible

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Naming the invisible Nomenclature and notation

  2. 1. Nomenclature a) Definition: • System of official names given to chemical compounds in the field of science • E.g. carbon dioxide sodium chloride

  3. Nomenclature b) Steps for binary covalent molecules For naming molecules made up of 2 types of non-metals • 1. name the 1st element • 2. change the name of the second element to end in ide • 3. Add, if needed, a prefix or prefixes to specify the number of atoms of each element

  4. Nomenclature • Step 3 (Continued) • List of prefixes • 2 di • 3 tri • 4 tetra • 5 penta • 6 hexa • 7 octa

  5. For example… • CO2 • Made up of two types of non-metals (carbon and oxygen) • Name the 1st element: carbon • Change the 2nd element: oxygen → oxide • Add the prefixes: there are 2 oxygen atoms The prefix for 2 is di CARBON DIOXIDE

  6. Nomenclature c) Steps for ionic molecules Combination between a metal and a non-metal • 1. name the 1st element • 2. change the name of the second element • end in ide ** Prefixes are not required

  7. For example… • NaCl • Made up of a metal and a non-metal (sodium and chlorine) • Name the 1st element: Sodium • Change the 2nd element: chlorine→ chloride SODIUM CHLORIDE

  8. Nomenclature d) Steps for molecules made of 3 or more types of atoms • 1. Look for polyatomic ions • 2. Name the components starting with the positive ion and then the negative ion. • ** It is not necessary to add prefixes

  9. For example… • KOH • Made up of three different elements (sodium and chlorine) • Find the polyatomic ion (OH-) • Name the 1st element: Potassium • Name the polyatomic ion: Hydroxide POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

  10. What is all this talk about ions 2. An Ion: • Atom with more or less electron than usual, therefore that is electrically charged • Will have an ionic charge based on its valence electrons 3. A Polyatomic Ion: • A grouping of elements that are not yet stable. They are chemically bound together yet still possess a charge. 2+ 1- Ca Cl + NH4

  11. 4. Notation • Definition: • Chemical notation (chemical formulas) is a way to express information about the composition of a compound • E.g. H2O C6H12O6

  12. Notation • a) Steps for covalent molecules • 1. Find the symbol for the 1st element • 2. Find the symbol for the 2nd element • 3. Add necessary subscript numbers if prefixes are present

  13. Notation • b) Steps for ionic molecules (and polyatomic ions) • 1. Find the symbol for the 1st element or polyatomic ion • 2. Find the symbol for the 2nd element or polyatomic ion • 3. Verify the charges of both components to make sure that the atom is neutral • 4. Modify the proportions of each is necessary

More Related