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Probing the HiRes Aperture near 10 20 eV with a Distant Laser

Probing the HiRes Aperture near 10 20 eV with a Distant Laser. C. Cannon , L. Pedersen , R. Riehle , M. Seman, J. Thomas , S. Thomas, L. Wiencke for the HiRes Collaboration. 2003 ICRC HE 1.3.22 Aug. 2 2003 Tsukuba Japan. Experimental Configuration Laser vs. Air Showers. Terra

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Probing the HiRes Aperture near 10 20 eV with a Distant Laser

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  1. Probing the HiRes Aperture near 1020 eV with a Distant Laser C. Cannon, L. Pedersen, R. Riehle, M. Seman, J. Thomas, S. Thomas, L. Wiencke for the HiRes Collaboration 2003 ICRC HE 1.3.22 Aug. 2 2003 Tsukuba Japan

  2. Experimental Configuration Laser vs. Air Showers

  3. Terra (Laser) HiRes 1 HiRes 2 35 km

  4. Laser Parameters Wavelength 355nm Energy 2-6mJ (adjustable) Distance 34km to HiRes 2 22km to HiRes 1 Direction Fixed - Vertical Polarization Random

  5. laser Terra Site – Vertical Laser

  6. Probe LASER Laser Beam – polarization measurements Analyzer Random Polarization Depolarizer Linear Polarization

  7. Vertical Laser Shot Fired from Terra as recorded by HiRes2 34 km distant 19km 10km Laser Energy ~3.5mJ

  8. Shower ~30 EeV Terra (Laser) HiRes 1 HiRes 2 How does the laser compare to a shower?

  9. Air Shower HiRes 2 HiRes 1

  10. 30 EeV Shower

  11. LaserShower Equivalent 4mJ 6x1019 eV 6mJ ~1020 eV

  12. Mean 0.033 Mean 0.04 VAOD - Vertical Optical Depth of Aerosol Component T = e-VOD/sinӨ T = e-VOD Ө

  13. Mean 0.033 Mean 0.04 Under good to moderately hazy conditions, laser is always visible. Triggering efficiency for 4mJ shots begins to drop about 0.15 VAOD We consider “good weather” VAOD <0.01

  14. Conclusion Installed a laser to test the reach of our HE aperture. Equivalent light production to a shower of ~6x1019 to 1020 eV Detectors have no trouble seeing this laser under good to worse than acceptable viewing conditions.

  15. Extra Slides

  16. Compare vertical aerosol optical depth Terra Laser + HiRes2 detector HiRes2 Steerable Laser + HiRes1 detector

  17. Atmospheric Monitoring

  18. T = e-VOD T = e-VOD/sinӨ Ө What is Vertical Optical Depth? VAOD - Vertical Optical Depth of Aerosol Component

  19. Measurement of VAOD SA + SM TA1 TM1 TA2 TM2 Ө2 NgL NgOBS Ө1 LASER DETECTOR Then for

  20. Atmospheric Measurements from Inclined Laser Shots

  21. 60º 45º 12.6 km Laser Detector

  22. Linearity Scaled by 10% !!!

  23. 60º 45º 12.6 km Laser Detector

  24. Clouds

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