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NMD 2007 HISTORY OF MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES

NMD 2007 HISTORY OF MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES. DR. BURÇE ÇELİK. What is technology?. Technology is relatively a new concept, emerged around 19 th century to define the “knowledge of the arts” – (Ruth Schwartz Cowan) Communication technologies and/or media technologies: any difference?

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NMD 2007 HISTORY OF MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES

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  1. NMD 2007 HISTORY OF MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES DR. BURÇE ÇELİK

  2. What is technology? • Technology is relatively a new concept, emerged around 19th century to define the “knowledge of the arts” – (Ruth Schwartz Cowan) • Communication technologies and/or media technologies: any difference? • Conveying messages – audio, textual, visual, electrical, digital – across time and space. • Annihilating time and space via communication technologies – what are the possible implications?

  3. Pre-historic communications • History begins with writing about 5000 years ago, what about the pre-historic period? • Pech-Merle caves in France. • 14.500 B.C. • Ice Age

  4. Pre-Historic Communications • 25.000 years before the development of writing and arithmetic: an example of a record of some process or series of events that could be read by the others. • Cro-Magnon bone tool. France. 28.000 B.C.

  5. Writing • Writing and literacy: Sumerians, Egyptians, China and Central America. Did writing diffuse throughout the globe from Mesopotamia? • Many scholars think that writing developed independently in the major civilizations of the ancient world. Is there a solid evidence to prove that? • But how writing emerged out of no-writing? • Divine origin, conscious search for a technique of recording due to the expanding demands of economy, accidental discovery?

  6. Writing, Language and Thinking and Governance • “Language creates the social reality, makes the world meaningful”. Can we think outside language? • What does the written language do to societies? • Harold Innis, Empire and Communication • “The profound disturbances in Egyptian civilization involved in the shift from absolute monarchy to a more democratic organization coincided with a shift in emphasis on stone as a medium of communication or as a basis of prestige…to an emphasis on papyrus”.

  7. Papyrus and Clay • “writing on stone was characterized by straightness or circularity of line, rectangularity of form, and an upright position, whereas writing on papyrus permitted cursive forms suited to rapid writing”. • “by escaping from the heavy medium of stone” thought gained lightness. • “a marked increase in writing by hand was accompanied by secularization of writing, thought and activity”. • To write is the ability to name and naming is mastering what is named.

  8. Papyrus and Clay • Each of them has a bias toward space or time and they effect civilizations differently. • Clay, stone, parchment are time biased media and tend to favor decentralization. • Papyrus, paper as space-biased media are easily transportable and enable governors to control large and centralized territories.

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