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Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives Thinking Skill : Demonstrate an understanding of how Psychology has evolved as an academic discipline. Psychology’s Roots. Pre-scientific Psychology Influence of Philosophy Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience?
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Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives Thinking Skill: Demonstrate an understanding of how Psychology has evolved as an academic discipline
Psychology’s Roots Pre-scientific Psychology • Influence of Philosophy • Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience? “nurture works on what nature endows…”
Psychology’s Roots • Pre-scientific Psychology • Empiricism • knowledge comes from experience via the senses • science flourishes through observation and experimentation • 7th Century B.C. Psamtik I, King of Egypt • First “Scientific Method”?
Psychology’s Roots • Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig • Conscious perception (apperception) experiment • Birth of modern psychology (1879)
Psychology’s Roots • Structuralism • used introspection (looking inward) to explore the elemental structure of the human mind
Psychology’s Roots • Functionalism • focused on how behavioral processes function - how they enable organism to adapt, survive, and flourish • William James • “Father of American Psychology”
Psychology’s Roots • Gestalt psychology emphasized the immediate experience of the whole organism • Antithesis of Wundt Max Wertheimer Kurt Koffka Wolfgang Köhler
Psychology’s Roots • Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis • Unconscious forces
Psychology’s Roots • Behaviorism –the science of observable behavior • John Watson • BF Skinner “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief.” -John B. Watson
Psychology’s Roots Contemporary Definition of Psychology • The science of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings)
Applying the Perspectives Marsha wants to ask her boss for a salary increase however, her heart races and she begins to perspire uncontrollably every time she even approaches her boss.
