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Four Basic Period of Computer History

Four Basic Period of Computer History. Pre-mechanical Age Mechanical Age Electromechanical Age Electronic Age. Pre-Mechanical Age (3000B.C. - 1450 A.D. ). Writing and Alphabets. Petroglyths (signs or simple figures carved in rock). Petroglyths.

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Four Basic Period of Computer History

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  1. Four Basic Period of Computer History

  2. Pre-mechanical Age • Mechanical Age • Electromechanical Age • Electronic Age

  3. Pre-Mechanical Age(3000B.C. - 1450 A.D.)

  4. Writing and Alphabets • Petroglyths (signs or simple figures carved in rock)

  5. Petroglyths

  6. Cave painting from Lascaux, France(15,000-10,000 B.C.)

  7. Ideographs (symbols to represent ideas and concept)

  8. Mayan Ideograph

  9. Cuneiform – the first true written language and the first real information system. (coo-nay-eh-form) • Star – heaven or God

  10. Cuneiform

  11. At around 2000 BC the Phoenicians created symbols that expressed single syllables and consonants (the first true alphabet) • Greek adopted the Phoenician alphabet and added vowels • Romans gave the letters Latin name to create the alphabet we use today.

  12. Papers and pens • Sumerians – stylus and wet clay • Egyptians – papyrus plants (2600 BC) • Chinese – made paper from rags (100 AD)

  13. Stylus and wet clay Papyrus Plant

  14. Chinese

  15. Books and Libraries(permanent storage device) • Mesopotamia – religious leaders kept the earliest book • Egyptians – kept scrolls • Greeks – (600 BC) fold sheets of Papyrus vertically into leaves and bind them together.

  16. First Numbering System • Egyptian – Vertical lines (|)for numbers 1 – 9 - U or O – 10 - coiled rope – 100 - lotus blossom for 1000 • Hindus – (100 – 200 AD) 9 digit numbering • 875 AD the concept of zero was developed.

  17. The First Calculator • Abacus – was man’s first recorded adding machine. Invented in Babylonia and popularized in China.

  18. Mechanical Age(1450 – 1840)

  19. First Information Explosion • Johann Guttenberg – Movable metal-type printing process in 1450.

  20. The first general purpose computers • John Napier – (1614) a Baron of Merchiston, Scotland invented LOGS (Logarithm). • LOGS – allows multiplication and division to be reduce in addition and subtraction. • 1614 – Arabian Lattice – lays out a special version of the multiplication tables on a set of four-sided wooden rods.(multiply, divide large numbers and find square and cube root)

  21. John Napier Napier’s Bone

  22. Wilhelm Shickard – 1623 - (Professor at University of Tubingen, Germany) – invented the first mechanical calculator that can work with six digits and can carries digits across columns.

  23. William Oughtred – (1575 – 1660) invented the slide rule.

  24. Blaise Pascal (1642) – invented the Pascaline. (made of clock gears and levers) that could solve mathematical problems like addition and subtraction.

  25. Gottfried Leibniz – (1617) invented Stepped Reckonerthat could multiply 5 digit and 12 digit numbers yielding up to 16 digit numbers. Stepped Reckoner

  26. Joseph-Marie Jacquard (1801) developed the automatic loom (weaving loom) that was controlled by punched cards.

  27. Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar -1820 – developed Arithmometer (the first mass produced calculator)

  28. Charles Babbage – invented the difference engine (1821) and analytical engine (1832). - Father of modern computer. Difference Engine Analytical Engine

  29. Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace Byron – 1842 – the first computer programmer.

  30. Electromechanical Age(18-40 1940)

  31. The Beginning of Telecommunications • Voltaic Battery – first electric battery known as voltaic pile - invented by Alessandro Volta

  32. Telegraph Samuel F.B. Morse – conceived of his version of an Electromagnetic Telegraph (1832)

  33. Morse Code

  34. Telephone and Radio Alexander Graham Bell – 1879 - developed the first working telephone.

  35. Guglielmo Marconi – 1894 – (RADIO) discovered that electrical waves travel through space and can produce and effect far from the point at which it originated.

  36. George Boole – 1852 – developed the binary algebra known as Boolean Algebra

  37. Electromechanical Computing • Pehr and Edward Scheutz– 1853 - completed a Tabulating Machine, capable of processing fifteen digit numbers, printing out result and rounding off to eight digits.

  38. Dorr Felt – 1885 – devises the comptometer, a key driven adding and subtracting calculator. Comptograph containing a built in printer Comptometer Comptograph

  39. Herman Hollerith – father of information processing. Punched Card – provided computer programmers with a new way to put information into their machines. He founded the Tabulating Machine Company , later became the Computer Tabulating Recording Company and International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)

  40. Tabulating Machine Herman Hollerith

  41. Otto Shweiger– 1893 – invented the first efficient four function calculator called Millionaire.

  42. Lee de Forest – 1906 – developed vacuum tubes This is important for it provided electrically controlled switch.

  43. Electronic Age(1941 – present) KonradZuse– 1941 – built the first programmable computer called Z3.

  44. Howard Aiken – 1942 – developed Mark I the first stored program computer.

  45. John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry – 1942 – completed the first all electronic computer called ABC or Atanasoff-Berry Computer John Atanasoff Clifford Berry

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