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The Magic of Lymphocytes

The Magic of Lymphocytes. Cells that take the form of lymphocytes. T cells cytotoxic helper cells suppressor cells B cells NK (natural killer) cells Stem cells Possible others pro-mast cells ?? pro-dendritic cells ??.

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The Magic of Lymphocytes

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  1. The Magic of Lymphocytes

  2. Cells that take the form of lymphocytes T cells cytotoxic helper cells suppressor cells B cells NK (natural killer) cells Stem cells Possible others pro-mast cells ?? pro-dendritic cells ??

  3. Maturation of B and T Cells

  4. small lymphoblast lymphocyte (prolymphocyte)

  5. Small Lymphocytes can Switch back and forth into Lymphoblasts T. SL = small lymphocyte Blast = lymphoblast

  6. An Antibody Molecule An antibody binds to an antigen

  7. Antibody Genes are Cut and Spliced

  8. The exact position of gene splicing is variable. End of a v segment Beginning of a d segment |G.G.A|C.A.T. ……… T.C.G|T.C.C|G.G.G variable splicing|G.G.A|C.A.G ----------- |T.C.C|G.G.G|G.G.A|C.A. ----------- G|T.C.C|G.G.G|G.G.A|C. ----------- C.G|T.C.C|G.G.G|G.G.A|C.A.G------- T.C.G|T.C.C|G.G.G|G.G.A|------------------ T.C.C|G.G.G

  9. Lymphocytes insert extra nucleotides into their DNA at junction sites in a non-templated manner. |G.G.A|C.A.T. …………… T.C.G|T.C.C|G.G.G |G.G.A|C.A.T|N.N.N|N.N.N|T.C.G|T.C.C|G.G.G

  10. The Clonal Selection Theory Proposes a two stage process for antibody formation.

  11. B stem cellProliferationPre B cells DiversificationB cells Antigen stimulation B cell  Lymphoblast o o o o o o o o o o o o o

  12. o o o Activated B lymphoblast Proliferation Differentiation Antibodies o o o o o o Plasma cells B memory cells

  13. B stem cellProliferationPre B cells DiversificationB cells Antigen stimulation B cell  Lymphoblast o o o o o o o o o o o o o

  14. Plasma Cells

  15. T cells

  16. The T cell Receptor - is homologous to antibody. - forms by gene rearrangement. - varies from one T cell to another. but it - is always membrane-bound. - binds to peptides fragments of antigens - These must be held on a cell surface by an MHC protein.

  17. Cells that take the form of lymphocytes T cells cytotoxic helper cells suppressor cells B cells NK (natural killer) cells Stem cells Possible others pro-mast cells ?? pro-dendritic cells ??

  18. Activation of a T cell by an Antigen Presenting Cell

  19. Some Inerleukins

  20. Enuff

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