Logan Ludwig, Ph.D., Associate Dean Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine

1. OVERVIEW DESIGNING Library Spaces for the 21st Century: Energizing our Resources, Services and Environment Logan Ludwig, Ph.D., Associate Dean Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine

2. COURSE OBJECTIVES • Understand the importance of the role of the librarian in a building project. • Understand spatial and technical requirements • Be familiar with trends in library design • Be able to discuss technology trends and their impact on libraries • Be familiar with forces impacting learning & teaching spaces. • Recognize environmental factors critical to library design

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & THANKS • Images and charts • Greg Brendt – Ellenzweig Architects • Robert Muller – Solomon Cordwell Buenz • Drew Krecicki, HutonBrady Architects • Shirley Dugdale – Dugdale Associates • Steve Foote – Perry Dean Rogers • Alan Hedge – Cornell University • Derek Kinderchuk – Kinderchuk Agery Architects • Alexander Lamis – Robert A.M. Stern Architects • Malcolm Montgomery – Univ. of Cincinnati • Jeffery Scherer – Meyer, Scherer & Rockcastle, Ltd. • Libraries: (Too numerous to list)

4. PREPARING FOR BUILDING PLANNING • Compare same functions from one facility to the next • Be a part of what your institution is doing • Know institutional mission • Know where your library fits in • Keep statistics to show type, volume of use • Who are your users, where are they, how do they use the library? • Read broadly • Highlight important points in articles • Maintain lists of catalogs (date them) • Attend MLA/ALA/SLA conventions/exhibits • Visit other libraries • Identify what works and what does not

5. COMMON BLUEPRINT SYMBOLS & ABBREVIATIONS http://www.ehouseplans.com/blueprints/blueprints.html

6. The Project Planning Process • Phase 1: Programming • Phase 2: Initial Design • Phase 3: Design Development • Phase 4: Construction

7. Make No Little Plans Control the process S. Foote perry dean rogers | partnersarchitects

8. CONSTRUCTION PHASE • Project Manager = Traffic Cop • Talk to everyone but work through PM for changes and official answers

9. CONSTRUCTION PHASE Monitor the Construction

10. WHAT MAKES A GREAT PLACE?

11. A LIBRARY IS WHAT A LIBRARY DOES • Guiding Principles • Library Boundaries are Blurred (space & services) • Flexibility over time (Change on the Fly) • Focus on Learning –Planned & Unplanned (Unscheduled space for user) • Create space for spontaneity & socializing • Interaction/collaboration first • Aesthetic appeal is critical • Embracing the local environment • Hub of Knowledge & data transfer (shift from Repository to information architects) • Accessibility/visibility (Store-front) UNC –Chapel Hill

12. WHAT WE ARE LEARNING • Confusion on what is allowed • Group study is essential (enclosed is better) • Space is more alive • Interaction between staff and student is not a given • Communicate clearly what is what • Library expectations determine reaction to changes.

13. Balancing Tensions • Permanence :: Transience • Solidity :: Flexibility • Solemnity :: Playfulness • Sacred :: Profane • Solitude :: Communal • Quiet :: Noise • Status quo :: Innovative

14. WHAT MAKES A GREAT PLACE? Prior Health Sciences Library • QUESTIONS TO ASK ABOUT YOUR LIBRARY/FACILITY Interior (Continued..): • Does the activity of the space require privacy or quiet? • Are the spaces requiring quiet appropriately buffered from the socially-intensive space? • Is there a variety of seating types and arrangements? • Is the space used by people in groups? • How many types of activities occur in each space (reading, eating, socializing, computing)? • Is there a staff presence?

15. WHAT MAKES A GREAT PLACE? • A FEW THINGS YOU CAN DO: • Advocate for a library that is connected to its community – both physically and with activities. • Recognize that the path to a place is as important to the experience as the place itself. • Use both natural and artificial light to highlight important areas and lead people to them. • Group like activities together. Be mindful of noisy activities and those requiring solitude. • Provide a variety of seating types and layouts. Valparaiso Library

16. Major Interior Space • User Space • Learning Commons • Quiet Study (How many?) • Casual/Unscheduled meetings • Group Study • Meeting Rooms • Cafe • Restrooms (In library if more than 9,000 sq. ft)

17. Major Interior Space • Staff Space • Offices • Work Areas [staff, processing, bindery (?), receiving] • Conference/Meeting/Consulting Areas • Training Areas • Service Areas [circ,ILL, tech, Info, photo] • Break Areas • Restrooms

18. Major Interior Space • Collection Space • Stacks • Older Periodicals • Current Periodicals • Reference • General & Special Collections • Media & Computing • Display

19. Major Internal Space Mallow General Hospital Library Valparaiso Univ. DHHS Display Case Arrowe Park Hospital Library

20. Major Internal Space Clatterbridge Hospital Hartford Hospital Kaunas Univ. Univ. of Hawaii

21. Major Internal Space

22. And after… Major Internal Space INFORMAL/CASUAL/GROUP WORK SPACE

23. Major Internal Space UCSF Group Rooms have X-ray Light Tables. INFORMAL/CASUAL/GROUP WORK SPACE

24. Major Internal Space STAFF SPACE REFERENCE DESK ENTRANCE

25. Major Internal Space Valparaiso Univ. Univ. of N. Carolina The Library Cafe’

26. Major Internal Space Zoning Space for 24/7 Access –MIT Hayden Library

27. LIBRARY SPACE PLANNING FORMULAS Logan Ludwig, Ph.D., Associate Dean Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine

28. SQUARE FOOTAGE DEFINITIONS • Net Square Footage (NSF): Actual useable, unobstructed floor area assigned to a primary use. (Exclusive of partitions, walls, columns, stairs, etc.) • Net Assignable Square Footage (NASF): Includes all net areas assigned to a given unit.

29. SQUARE FOOTAGE DEFINITIONS • Building Gross Square Footage (BGSF): Total area of the building including net and net assignable areas plus restrooms, elevators, janitorial closets, mechanical, power distribution and exterior walls • Efficiency factors: +10 – 30%

30. Library Standards* • Provide space for 20-25% of full time faculty, staff, students** • 10% of full time graduate & research faculty • Reader space = 27.5 ASF –casual; 35 ASF-Learning Commons; 45 ASF-PC workstations • Stack space = .1 ASF x # bound volumes • Staff space = 140 ASF x # of FTEs *California, Canadian Library, German Library Assoc. ** Assumes 5 seats per 1,000 users

31. Bookstacks • Currently account for 40-50% of the average library building space. • Four Types: • Steel static shelving (bracket or cantilevered) • Mobile, or compact, shelving • Wood shelving • Automated Retrieval Systems (ARS)

32. Bookstacks • Compact Shelving • Fixed shelving uses 30-35 percent of space they occupy; compact shelving stores twice as many volumes in about 1/3 the space. • Figure 28 volumes per NSF. • Costs 3 – 5 times more • Load bearing floors: 225 – 300 psf.

33. The Effect of Compact Shelving

34. Automated Retrieval Systems

35. Automated Retrieval Systems

36. Automated Retrieval Systems

37. Shelving Capacity

38. Shelving Capacity Rule of Thumb: 8 volumes per linear foot of shelf space for health sciences materials

39. Shelving Capacity

40. Customer Seating & Staff Space

41. TRENDS IN PLANNING • Discrete Activities • Clarity of Organization • Timeless Quality of Space