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Regents LE Seatwork-use your review book Topic 2

Regents LE Seatwork-use your review book Topic 2. 1. Write or highlight the vocab terms found on page 20 of your Review book. 2. Make Vocab Flashcards AIDS ALLERGY ANTIBODIES ANTIGEN BACTERIA DISEASE DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM FUNGI FEEDBACK MECHANISM MICROBE

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Regents LE Seatwork-use your review book Topic 2

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  1. Regents LE Seatwork-use your review book Topic 2 1. Write or highlight the vocab terms found on page 20 of your Review book. 2. Make Vocab Flashcards AIDS ALLERGY ANTIBODIES ANTIGEN BACTERIA DISEASE DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM FUNGI FEEDBACK MECHANISM MICROBE HOMEOSTASIS VIRUS IMMUNE SYSTEM PARASITE PATHOGEN VACCINE 3. Study terms…Due Thursday –Quiz! word definition 16 words

  2. Finish Quiz • On the back of the scantron in the greeen box, write “Nervous/Endocrine Quiz” • Transfer MC answers #1-17 onto the scantron starting with #5: #1………#51 #2………#52 #17…….#67 • You will have ~10 minutes to complete. • Turn in when finished and Begin your Vocab assignment

  3. Disease as a failure of homeostasis Disease Basics

  4. Intro Video Clips Intro to Immune system: (8:36) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJEc2GDEfz8

  5. Disease: What is it? • Disease: • Any condition that prevents the body from working as it should • Can be due to ANY of the following: • Pathogens: a disease causing agent • Bacteria and Fungi (living) • Viruses (non living) • Toxins: a chemical substance that causes harm by disrupting bodily functions • Carbon Monoxide (cigarette smoke) , Asbestos exposure • Inherited: Due to a defective gene • Hemophilia, Cystic Fibrosis

  6. The Video Clip (3:19)Bacteria and viruses - What is the difference?

  7. Disease: How are they spread? • AIR BORNE: • COUGHING, SNEEZING, ETC • VECTORS: • ANIMALS THAT CARRY DISEASES AND SPREAD THEM (ie. Rabies) • MOSQUITOES = MALARIA, WEST NILE VIRUS • TICKS = LYME DISEASE • SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED: • SPREAD BY SEXUAL CONTACT • HIV, AIDS, HERPES, ETC.(bodily fluids)

  8. Infectious Disease: The Video Clip (3 min)

  9. Fighting it • ANTIBIOTICS: • KILL BACTERIA WITHOUT HARMING THE CELLS OF ANIMALS • EXAMPLE IS PENICILLIN • WORKS ONLY ON BACTERIA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • ANTIVIRALS • PREVENT VIRUSES FROM INVADING CELLS AND THEN MULTIPLYING • EXAMPLE IS TAMIFLU (treats flu symptoms) • IMMUNE RESPONSE • NON-SPECIFIC (FEVER) • SPECIFIC (Antibodies) • ACTIVE IMMUNITY (vaccine)

  10. Antibiotics: Video Clip

  11. Immunity & The Immune System

  12. IMMUNITY • The bodies ability to fight infection

  13. Immune System: The Video Clip

  14. Immune System • The system in the body responsible for maintaining homeostasis by recognizingharmful from safe organisms and produces an appropriate response Parts of the Immune System • Blood - White Blood Cells in particular. • Lymph nodes • Thymus Gland – Produces T Lymphocytes • Bone Marrow – Produces B Lymphocytes

  15. How does the body fight infection & foreign invaders? A. Immunity: Non-specific defenses • FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE: • SKIN - MOST IMPORTANT • PATHOGENS CANNOT PENETRATE • WHEN BROKEN, OPENS BODY TO INFECTION • MUCUS • TRAP BACTERIA IN NOSE AND MOUTH • DIGESTIVE STUFF • ACID AND ENZYMES CAN DESTROY PATHOGENS

  16. 1st Line of DefenseImmune system: 11 minhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Non4MkYQpYA

  17. 2. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE (INFLAMMATION) Section 40-2 • BLOOD VESSELS AROUND WOUND SWELL AND RELEASE WBC’S (PHAGOCYTES) • REMEMBER PHAGOCYTOSIS? • SURROUND AND ENGULF!! • FEVERS ARE ALSO PART OF THIS RESPONSE A Look at The Inflammatory Response Phagocytes move into the area and engulf the bacteria and cell debris Wound Skin Bacteria enter the wound Capillary

  18. B. Immunity: Specific Defense (3rd line) • RESPONSE TRIGGERED BY AN ANTIGEN • ORGANIC MATERIALS ON SURFACE OF PATHOGENS THAT BODY DOES NOT RECOGNIZE • 3 Types of Specific Defense: • Humoral Immunity • Cell Mediated Immunity • Permanent Immunity

  19. 1. Humoral Immunity • OCCURS IN BODY LIQUIDS (LYMPH AND BLOOD) • B LYMPHOCYTES (B CELLS)(WBC’S) • PRODUCE ANTIBODIES IN RESPONSE TO ANTIGENS • ANTIBODIES ARE SPECIFIC TO ANTIGEN • Y SHAPED protein • FUNCTION: CLUMPS ANTIGENS (BAD GUYS) TOGETHER SO CAN BE DESTROYED BY PHAGOCYTE Antigen-binding sites Antigen Antibody

  20. T LYMPHOCYTES (HELPER T CELLS) (WBC’S) • AID B CELLS IN MAKING PLASMA CELLS

  21. 2. Cell-Mediated Immunity • KILLER T CELLS“KILL” SINGLE PATHOGEN CELLS • MAINLY FOR EUKARYOTIC INFECTIONS • PROTISTS AND FUNGI • MAKES BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS AND ORGAN TRANSPLANTS COMPLICATED • DOCTOR LOOKS FOR CLOSEST MATCH • PATIENT MAY BE ON IMMUNOSUPPRESSORS FOR REST OF LIFE • WHY IS THIS DANGEROUS? • Person will be susceptible to many infections due to a compromised immune system

  22. Cell-Mediated Immune Response Section 40-2 Helper T cell activates killer T cells and B cells Macrophage T cell binds to activated macrophage Killer T Cell Helper T Cell T Cell T cell, activated by macrophage, becomes a helper T cell Antigens are displayed on surface of macrophage after digestion Infected Cell Killer T cells bind to infected cells, disrupting their cell membranes and destroying them

  23. How types of immunity produce memory cells

  24. 3. Permanent Immunity Compare: Primary .vs. Secondary Immune Response • ONCE YOU GET IT, YOU CAN’T GET IT AGAIN • DUE TO MEMORY B AND MEMORY T CELLS • WILL CONTINUE TO PRODUCE SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES • Primary Immune Response • This is a response to an invader the First time the invader infects the body. • No measurable immune response for first few days. • Next 10 – 15 days antibody production grows steadily • Secondary Immune Response • A more rapid response to an invader the 2nd time it invades the body. • Antibody production increases dramatically and in a much shorter time period.

  25. Videos to Watch: • Flu Attack: The Video Clip (3:38) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ 2. Ebola virus: (7 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRv19gkZ4E0

  26. C. Active Immunity- Vaccination • WEAKENED OR MILD FORM OF A PATHOGEN THAT IS INJECTED TO PRODUCE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE • BODY WILL THEN RECOGNIZE ANTIGEN WHEN INTRODUCED TO FULL BLOWN PATHOGEN • BODY WILL RESPOND VERY QUICKLY TO DESTROY PATHOGEN • Vaccination Process

  27. Video clip: Vaccine

  28. Current Event- Doctors DebateThink about: Someday you may have to make a decision whether or not to vaccinate your child. Given the following debate from the show The Doctors, where would you stand? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMrFV2rnHlo

  29. Immune System Disorders

  30. Allergies: The Video Clip

  31. 1. Allergies How an allergy is triggered… • IS AN OVERREACTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • OCCURS WHEN ANTIGENS FROM ALLERGENS (POLLEN, PET DANDER, ETC) ATTACH TO MAST CELLS • THIS IN TURN TRIGGERS HISTAMINES • THESE PRODUCE SNEEZING, RUNNY NOSE AND EYES ETC….

  32. Autoimmune Disease: The video clip

  33. 2. Autoimmune Disorders • WHEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM MAKES A MISTAKE AND ATTACKS ITS’ OWN BODY CELLS • EXAMPLES OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES • JUVENILE DIABETES (Type 1) • MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)

  34. HIV: The Video Clip • AIDS Video (2:38) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rv0yIICeg-E

  35. 3. AIDS: ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME • WHAT CAUSES AIDS? • CAUSED BY THEHIV VIRUS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) • HIVINFECTS HELPER T-CELLS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM ANDDESTROYS THEM • PERSON CAN BE INFECTED W/ HIV FOR YEARS AND NOT KNOW IT • WHEN T-CELL COUNT IS LOW ENOUGH, FULL-BLOWN AIDS IS DECLARED • AIDS: How is it contracted? • SHARING INFECTED NEEDLES • BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS • UNPROTECTED SEX • Effects of Disease • AIDS PATIENT MORE SUSECPTIBLE TO OTHER DISEASES B/C IMMUNE SYSTEMDAMAGED • PERSON DIES OF “AIDS RELATED SUCH-IN-SUCH” • EXAMPLE: AIDS RELATED OR INDUCED PNEUMONIA

  36. Cancer Cells out of control

  37. Cancer Facts- did you know…. • Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the developed world: • 1 in 4 deaths are due to cancer • 1 in 17 deaths are due to lung cancer • Lung cancer is the most common cancer in men • Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women • There are over 100 different forms of cancer • Video: What is cancer (5:05) http://www.youtube.com/user/1cancercenter?v=SGaQ0WwZ_0I

  38. Cellular Disease • Begins when something goes wrong with normal cell divisionand/or growth • Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes. • Tumor: • Mass of growing tissue that results from cellsdividing and growing uncontrollably • Benign: Non-cancerous tumor; do not spread from their site of origin. ex brain tumour, warts. • Malignant: Cancerous tumors that often spread to other tissues causing secondary tumours (call metastasis)

  39. Cancer: The Causes • Viral Cancers: • Some virusesmay inject genes that interrupt normal cell cycles • ex. HPV –papilloma virus can be responsible for cervical cancer • Radiation: • Produce mutations in DNA causing interruption of normal cell cycles • Sunlight (UV), x-rays, nuclear • Chemicals: • Also may cause mutations in DNA causing interruption of normal cell cycles • Called CARCINOGENSEx. tar from cigarettes Hereditary predisposition – Some families are more susceptible to getting certain cancers. Remember you cannot inherit cancerits just that you maybe more susceptible to getting it.

  40. Cancer: The Treatments • PREVENTION: • Don’t smoke! • Wear sunscreen (at least 30 SPF) • Eat right and exercise! • SURGERY: tumor removal • RADIATION: tumor shrinkage • CHEMOTHERAPY: (chemical) tumor shrinkage • Very uncomfortable • Patients lose hair • Drugs damage healthy cells too

  41. Immunity Practice (#4570)Answers 14) White blood cells 15) Makes antibodies or it engulfs bacteria or it destroys pathogens 16) It marks invaders with antigens or uses memory cells or see above 17) HIV attacks the immune system or the body’s resistance to disease is lowered or the immune system is compromised 18) -or- 19) 1- vaccines are made from dead/weakened pathogens (viuses) 2- antibodies are made by specific WBC’s in response to a vaccine 3- antibodies have a specific shape and fits only 1 shape of antigen (pathogen) 4- the common cold is caused by many viruses & the vaccine would have to include ALL of them rather than a selected few B B C B A C B D B C D C C

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