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Chapter 8, 9, 10

Chapter 8, 9, 10. Kingwood High School TEKS/TAKS Review. Chapter 8 Politics, Immigration and Urban Life. TEKS Review. Gilded Age-what/why (US2.B). Time of growth in America 2 nd Industrial Revolution Cumulative wealth increases Visible only on the surface Beneath the surface

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Chapter 8, 9, 10

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  1. Chapter 8, 9, 10 Kingwood High School TEKS/TAKS Review

  2. Chapter 8Politics, Immigration and Urban Life TEKS Review

  3. Gilded Age-what/why (US2.B) • Time of growth in America • 2nd Industrial Revolution • Cumulative wealth increases • Visible only on the surface • Beneath the surface • Unstable economic infrastructure • Immigration issues • Poverty & crime • Corruption

  4. Laissez faire • Unhindered capitalism • Social Darwinism • Laissez-faire • Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations • Free marketplace - French word - “allow to be” • Government involvement - Gov’t plays limited role in business • Subsidies for key industries • Corruption • Credit Mobilier scandal

  5. Pendleton act & effect on government workers (US2.A) (WH26.C) • law reforming the spoils system • President Arthur pushed through the PENDLETON CIVIL SERVICE ACT, creating the Civil Service System

  6. Settlement movement (US21.B) • Settlement House Movement • Settlement house = community center in poor area of town, offering social services • “Simply giving money to poor never helped” • Hull House established by Jane Addams • Initially just to get to know neighbors • Grew into huge community center over the years • 400 settlement houses by 1910 • Worked by recent college grads and women

  7. Jane Addams (US2.A) • Jane Adams&Ellen Gates Starr • Buy the Hull mansion 1889 • Becomes the Hull House (a community center offering a huge variety of social services)

  8. Boss Tweed (US2.A) in New York City • Most notorious of all bosses • Tammany Hall political machine • Ran NYC Democratic Party • Controlled city treasury, very corrupt • Arrested in 1873 • Eventually died in jail

  9. Boss (William M.) Tweed - in New York City • Most notorious of all bosses • Tammany Hall • Ran NYC Democratic Party • Controlled city treasury, very corrupt • Arrested in 1873 • Eventually died in jail

  10. Tammany Hall (US2.A) Boss Tweed’s political machine operating in 1860’s New York City

  11. Immigration – why come to U.S.(US2.C) PULL • Free land • Homestead Act • Personal freedoms • Educational opps • Not forced to serve long years in Army • Participation in democratic gov’t • PUSH • - Crop failures • - Land shortages • - Unemployment • - Rising taxes • - Political persecution • - Religious persecution • 1890s pogroms against • Russian Jews

  12. Urbanization/ growth (US2.B, 2C, 10B) • 1880 rural population = 74% • 1910s rural population = 54% • Great migration of southern blacks • 2 phases (1890, 1910s) • Advances in transportation • Suburbs • Skyscrapers & elevators

  13. Tenements, Dwellings, Treatment (US2.C.) (US21.C) • Tenements Low-cost apartment buildings designed to house as many families as the owner could pack in • Severe overcrowding • Few trees, little grass • Dark, foul air from coal engines & boilers • Open sewers attracted rats (diseases) • Small fires become large fires quickly • Contagious diseases spread easily

  14. AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR -SEPARATE UNION FOR EACH SKILL. SAMUEL GOMPERS UNITED MINE WORKERS - MARY HARRIS JONES KNIGHTS OF LABOR: REFORM FOR ALL WORKERS -TERRENCE POWDERLY Labor movement (US22.C)

  15. Chapter 9Life at the Turn of the Twentieth Century TEKS Review

  16. Immigrants & education (US21.A) What did IMMIGRANTS want? • To be accepted by Americans, to become “American” • Education for their children and themselves – a way out of the ghettos What did NATIVISTS want? • American culture taught in schools • The English language taught in schools

  17. Nativism • The favoring of native-born Americans over immigrants. • New wave of anti-foreign bias. • Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) • One group (secret society) even targeted the Catholic Church • Teach American culture/language • Tighter rules on citizenship & alien work • Oath to only hire/vote Protestant

  18. Impact of W.E.B. Du BoisUS 19(b) • Harvard PhD • The Talented Tenth • Political/social equality & civil rights • Liberal arts (not vocational) • Pride in heritage • Niagara Movement(1905)

  19. Booker T. Washington • Founded Tuskegee Institute (Alabama, 1881) • Focus: • Buildingeconomic security& vocational skills • Noton political equality • Popular w/ whites

  20. Technology innovations – impact (US23.A) • Cars were mass-produced in 1910s. • Bessemer Process (stronger steel) therefore -> Steel therefore -> Skyscrapers • Elisha Otis invents the elevator. • Trolleys • Amusement Parks, nickelodeon

  21. The Fisk University “Jubilee Singers” introduced ‘slave songs’ to the world in 1871 and were instrumental in preserving this unique American musical tradition known today as Negro spirituals

  22. Voting restrictions – African Americans (US2.C) • Concern = too much political power for blacks if they vote • 1890s: voting restrictions emerge • Property requirement • Poll tax • Literacy tests • Grandfather clauses • Limit black voting w/out specifying

  23. Jim Crow (US2.C) • Keeping blacks “in their place” LEGALLY • System of etiquette requiring blacks to show deference to whites • Whites say, “Boy” or “(first name)” • Blacks say, “Mister” or “Sir” • Small breaches of etiquette: • Loss of job for blacks • Subjected to violence

  24. Lynchings (US2.C) • The murder of an accused person by a mob w/out a lawful trial. • Sometimes included a mock trial. • Sometimes victims were mutilated before being hanged or shot. • Lynches were rarely pursued, caught, convicted, or punished.

  25. Charting the Trend

  26. NAACP (US21.A) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People: worked through the legal system to change laws that allowed segregation and discrimination • Formed as a result of the Niagara Conference Called for: • Full civil rights • End to racial discrimination • Recognition of human brotherhood

  27. NAACP • Mary White Covington • White social worker • Organized a national conference to address the “Negro Question” • Founding of the NAACP • By 1914 • 50 branches w/ 6,000 members • Worked through the court system

  28. Women’s role – contributions (US21.D) • Women’s rights advocates:Women should be allowed to • Vote • Control their own property & income • Have access to higher education • Obtain professional jobs • Counterargument: • Destroys their femininity • Upsets the social order

  29. VOLUNTEERING • No upper level positions available for women. Many volunteered instead. • Temperance • Girls’ education • New libraries & playgrounds • Valuable experience was gained. • Speaking • Writing • Finance

  30. Chapter 10Becoming a World Power(Imperialism) TEKS Review

  31. Yellow Journalism • Newspaper wars • They report atrocities in Cuba • National pride swelled • Desire for jingoism • Aggressive foreign policy • Bullying other countries

  32. Reading • Yellow Journalism • sensational mass coverage(murders, vice, scandals, etc.) • Promoted a war with Spain • Reference to yellow ink in a popular comic strip of the era

  33. 1898 - Spanish American War (US9.B) • Stolen de Loma letter • USS Maine blows up • Preparing in the Philippines (?) • McKinley’s demands • Non-compliance ――►WAR!

  34. Result of War – U.S. world power, new territories (US3.A) (US12.E) • U.S. now WORLD POWER • Gains colonies: Philippines Puerto Rico Guam • Cuba is independent

  35. Imperialism

  36. Know the name of the era – Imperialism (US1.A) (US3.A) - Is the process of gaining colonies for gathering raw materials and obtaining markets for manufactured goods

  37. Theodore Roosevelt – expand the office, Big Stick diplomacy (US19.B) • Tar's motto:“Speak softly and carry a big stick;you will go far.” • Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine • Stronger presence in Latin America • Strengthens President’s power

  38. Henry Cabot Lodge (US3.A) • Close friends with Theodore Roosevelt, he shared the President's desire to see the United States play a larger role in world affairs. • Proponent of the Open Door Policy

  39. U.S.S. Maine (US3.A) • Ship explodes in Havana, Cuba Harbor, killing 250 American sailors • American public demands Congress declare war on Spain

  40. Treaty of Paris (US3.A) • Senate ratified in February 1899 after lengthy debate • U.S. gave Spain $20 million to release Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico – became our “unincorporated” territories • Cuba became independent nation

  41. Open Door Policy (US12.D) • United States’ assertion that China should remain open to trade with all nations • U.S. was powerful enough to back up its suggestion with “muscle” if necessary

  42. ALFRED THAYER MAHAN • Wrote: “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History” • To acquire status as a world power, countries must build and maintain a strong navy • TR used this theory to build a two-ocean navy

  43. Dollar diplomacy (US12.D) • TAFT’S foreign policy • “Substituting dollars for bullets” • Dollar Diplomacy • Not very successful

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