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DO NOW:

DO NOW:. Please take a guided notes sheet from the back of the room. We will be starting with nationalism before WWI today and then moving into WWI. Thank you. Nationalism and the build up to W.W.I. Miss Bonner. Congress of Vienna. At the time of the Congress of Vienna,   

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  1. DO NOW: • Please take a guided notes sheet from the back of the room. • We will be starting with nationalism before WWI today and then moving into WWI. • Thank you.

  2. Nationalism and the build up to W.W.I Miss Bonner

  3. Congress of Vienna • At the time of the Congress of Vienna,    • Italy was very divided: • ‐ Ruled by • * Austria • * Spain • * The Pope • * Renaissance city‐states

  4. Prince Clemens von Metternich (key player at the  • Congress of Vienna) was Austria’s foreign minister • ‐ He did not want Italy to unite? • ‐ WHY NOT? • _____________________________________ • * Metternich used censorship and arrests to stop  •    the spread of nationalist ideas!

  5. 3 LEADERS acted to UNITE ITALY • 1. Giuseppe Mazzini  = “Soul” • ‐ Formed Young Italy in 1831 (nationalist group) • ‐ Little support from the majority 

  6. 2.  Camillodi Cavour  = “Brains” • ‐ Prime Minister of Sardinia • ‐ Made uniting Italy his highest priority  • ‐ Made an agreement with Napoleon III in 1858 • ‐ Napoleon would help Cavour drive out Austria • ‐ France would get the lands of Nice and Savoy • ‐ French and Sardinian armies won victories  •    against the Austrians

  7. 2.  Camillodi Cavour  = “Brains” • ‐ Prime Minister of Sardinia • ‐ Made uniting Italy his highest priority  • ‐ Made an agreement with Napoleon III in 1858 • ‐ Napoleon would help Cavour drive out Austria • ‐ France would get the lands of Nice and Savoy • ‐ French and Sardinian armies won victories  •    against the Austrians

  8. 3. Giuseppe Garibaldi = “The Sword” • ‐ Led battles in the South • ‐ He and his soldiers were called “Red Shirts" because he  •   and his followers wore red shirts • ‐ Victorious!!!!!

  9. Italy is United! • • In 1861 the Italian Parliament named  •    Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy • • The new nation still faced problems: • • Peasant revolts • • Strikes and riots • • 1860‐1910:  4 million Italians moved to the U.S.  • (Emigration)

  10. The Unification of Germany 1865‐1871 • • Like Italy, Germany was also divided  • • (after the Congress of Vienna) • • Since the fall of Napoleon in 1815, 39 German states  • had formed a German Confederation • • Austria and Prussia dominated this loose grouping

  11. The Rise of Prussia • • Prussia had a mainly German population as opposed  • to Austria • • Zollverein was established:  Free trade among the  • major German states except Austria • • Prussia was the most industrial of the German states  • and had the most powerful military in Central Europe

  12. Otto von Bismarck • • Bismarck became the Prime Minister in 1862 • ‐ Of PRUSSIA • • He was a strong and practical leader • • He believed in “realpoltik”  • – Real/tough/practical politics:  not based on  •     idealism but on realism • • When speaking of Austria, Bismarck replied: • “Germany is clearly too small for the both of us” • • Bismarck's ultimate goal was to unite the German     • states into a strong German Empire with Prussia as  • its core.

  13. Otto Von Bismarck’s “Blood & Iron” • •Held philosophy of “Blood and Iron” saying that: • “The great questions of our day cannot be solved by  • speeches and majority votes‐ that was a great mistake of  • 1848 and 1849 – but by blood and iron.” • What do you think he means by this?

  14. Bismarck made his famous blood and iron  • speech, which implied that if Germany was  • to unify it would be with the use of  • military force. He hated liberalism,  • democracy and socialism. Following his  • speech, he dismissed the budget proposal  • and ordered the bureaucracy to collect  • taxes. This money would go to military  • use, and Bismarck would expand and  • strengthen the Prussian armies. These  • armies would than be used in three wars  • which Bismarck devised to unify the  • country.

  15. The Seven Weeks’ War • • 1866 conflict between Austria and Prussia • • Prussian victory – Austria is humiliated • • Austria loses territory and is forced to withdraw from the German Confederation • • By 1867, Prussia completely dominated the “North  • German Confederation

  16. Nationalism was uniting Germany and dividing Austria as  • Hungarians demanded independence!

  17. The Franco‐Prussian War 1870 • • Prussia and German allies defeated France • * 1871:  German states are united under the  •    Prussian King, William I • * Nationalistic fervor swept through both the north   •    and the south • *  The Second Reich is formed:  Germany would  •     continue to prosper as a growing industrial and  •     military power in Europe

  18. Nationalism and the Frayer Model • Essential Questions • Who is in and who is out? Who defines which people belong in a national society? • Does nationalism unite or divide? • Why did a strong sense of nationalism begin in Europe before other parts of the world ? • Stanford University defines Nationalism .........as the attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity, common origin, ethnicity, cultural ties, the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve or sustain self-determination which means having full authority of the nation in domestic and foreign affairs. • Elements of Nationalism: • Culture • History • Language • Religion • Territory

  19. Crash Course: Nationalism • Study Guide Questions:  • 1. Which country is each nationalist leader/s or institution identified with? • A. Otto von Bismarck • B. Giuseppe Garibaldi & Giuseppe Mazzini • C. Mustafa KemalAtatürk • D. Muhammad Ali • E. Indian National Congress • F. Abraham Lincoln • G. Daimyo 2. What are the characteristics of a modern nation-state, according to John Green? 3. What factors contribute to the rise of nationalism worldwide? 4. Describe three conflicts in the nineteenth century that united people under a common national identity. 5. How did rising nationalisms contribute to the breakdown of the Ottoman Empire [CC provides 3 examples]?

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