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Policy Development Workshop on Applying the Urban Nexus Concept to Implementing Global Agendas

Overview of SDG and Climate Action in Asia and the Pacific: Urban Nexus Perspectives. Policy Development Workshop on Applying the Urban Nexus Concept to Implementing Global Agendas 5-6 March 2019, Bangkok. Bijon Kumer Mitra Senior Water Resource Specialist, IGES. Outline.

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Policy Development Workshop on Applying the Urban Nexus Concept to Implementing Global Agendas

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  1. Overview of SDG and Climate Action in Asia and the Pacific: Urban Nexus Perspectives Policy Development Workshop on Applying the Urban Nexus Concept to Implementing Global Agendas 5-6 March 2019, Bangkok BijonKumerMitra Senior Water Resource Specialist, IGES

  2. Outline Regional and sub regional progress regarding relevant SDGs and climate actions Status of VNR in Asia Status of NDC in Asia Urban nexus as a means of implementation to deliver on the global agendas Good practices of urban nexus

  3. Amazing facts of Asia Out of ten, three of the largest economy belong to Asia Home of more than 50% World’s population Out of ten, 7 of the largest cities located in Asia

  4. Some shocking statistics for Asia and Pacific Region 512 million undernourished live in Asia (FAO, 2014) Nearly 1.7 billion people in the Asia and Pacific region do not have access to improved drinking water (UNESCAP, 2015) Nearly 420 million people have no access to modern form of energy (UNESCAP, 2017)

  5. Progress of SDGs in Asia

  6. Progress of SDGs implementation: Where we are now? Progress made since 2000 2030 2000 2017 SDG1 (No poverty) Need achieve by 2030 SDG2 (Zero hunger) Reversed trend SDG3 (Good health) Needs to increase pace SDG4 (Quality education) SDG5 (Gender equality) Some or little progress SDG6 (Water) SDG7 (Energy) SDG8 (Decent work and economic growth SDG9 (Industry, innovation and infrastructure) SDG10 (Reduced inequalities) SDG11 (Sustainable cities) SDG12 (Responsible consumption and production) SDG13 (Climate action) SDG14 (Life below water) SDG15 (Life on land) Source: UNESCAP 2018 SDG16 (Peace and justice)

  7. Needs to accelerate progress in 37 targets area Source: ESCAP 2018

  8. Asia-pacific Region has to address stalled and reversed progress in 7 target areas Source: UNESCAP 2018

  9. Summary of SDG dashboards for sub-regions of Asia UNESCAP 2018

  10. Some key points of Paris agreement on mitigation Keep global warming well below 2oC and all efforts to limit rise temp to 1.5oC above pre-industrial level Developed countries will continue take lead of GHG reduction and developed counties are encouraged to enhance efforts From 2050, rapid reduction to achieve carbon neutral development

  11. Asia accounts 45% of total global emissions Therefore, Asia’s contributions would be significant to achieve global mitigation targets Source: IGES NDC database

  12. Status of nationally determined contributions in Asia Source: IGES NDC database

  13. Out of 24 countries, 22 of them set up mitigation targets in NDC/INDC Source: IGES NDC database

  14. Review results of 92 NDCs: climate actions aligned with 154 of the 169 SDG targets (WRI, 2016)

  15. SDG and NDC implementation plans need to be well integrated to capture synergies and minimize trade-offs Michael Comstock (2018)

  16. Nexus thinking and nexus debate are gaining attention in policy and academic circles Dresden nexus conference NC Nexus Conf. UN-ESCAP published The status WFEN in AP WWDR-5 on WEN. Bonn Nexus conference Energy was acknowledged as pillar of Nexus at Kyoto World Water Forum FEE nexus conf. in Brazil UNU FE Nexus programme 2017 2013 2011 2014 1984 1983 2003

  17. Some conceptual framework of resource nexus Source: UN ESCWA 2015

  18. Water, Food and energy security are not in an isolated but nexus manner

  19. Water Energy and Food security in SDGs 2.1 End hunger 6.1 Drinking water 7.1 Access to electricity 2.2 End malnutrition 6.2 Sanita.& hygiene 2.6 Investment in Agri 6.6 Ecosystems 7.2 Renewable energy SDG 2 SDG 6 SDG 7 6.3 WW and WQ 2.3 Agri Prod. 2.5 Gebetic diversity 6.5 Water Mgmt. 7.3 Energy Efficiency 7.5 Technology. 6.4 Water use & scarcity 2.4 Resilience agri practices 7.4 Int. coop. Clean Eng. Food commodity market Correct trade restriction

  20. Trade-off and synergistic relationship of corresponding target of SDG-7 with SDG-2 and SDG-6.

  21. Inter-linkages of Food, Water and Energy targets Total 118 interactions among targets of SDG 2, SDG 6 and SDG 7

  22. SDG 6 dependency on SDG 2 and SDG 7 targets (Stakeholder perceptions)

  23. Correlation among relevant targets (India) 62 interlinkages showed synergistic relationship and only two showed trade-offs relationship.

  24. Failure to realize inter-relationship leads to conflicts In Madhay Pradesh, power cuts was made to alleviate the water shortage in the region in 2006 (Source: The Hindustan Times, 2006) Parli thermal power plant in Maharashtra were shut down because of severe water shortage in the Marathwada region (NDTV, 2013) In Orissa State, farmers protested the increasing rate of water allocation for thermal power and industrial use (UNEP Finance Initiative, 2010) Opposition to Adani power projects is growing in local community due to threats to drinking water and irrigation water availability (The Times of India, 2011) In Kerala, power cuts ordered to deal with water scarcity in 2008 when monsoon rainfall was 65% less than normal (Source: Thaindian News, 2008)

  25. Urbanized future is certain • Accelerate resource consumption • Integrated urban planning is critical to realize synergies between SDGs and Climate change agenda.

  26. Ants adapt....and so also must humans in our urbanized world!

  27. Urban nexus as a means of implementation global agendas • Shift from linear economy to circular economy • Promote cross sectoral integration • Strengthen institutions, collaborative governance and build capacities for integrated planning and management Implementing agency : GIZ, ESCAP, ICLEI in collaboration with local and national governments

  28. Urban water reclamation and resource recovery are key opportunities of operationalize urban nexus by: • Linking water, energy and food • Maximizing potential of synergies of SDGs and climate agenda • Conservation of water and energy through more close loops • Improving adaptive capacity of cities

  29. Closing the resource loops in cities for realizing synergistic inter-relationships Gondhalekar, 2017

  30. Case of Urban nexus: Reuse of treated wastewater for cooling of Pragati power plant in Delhi, India

  31. Case of urban nexus: Introducing energy efficient water pumping system in Ho Chi Minh City Challenges • Increasing water demand due to rapid population growth • Supplying water needs large amount of electricity Solutions • Ineffective pump operation has been improved by introducing inverter controlled pumping system • International collaboration Results • Effective operation of water pump • Reduce energy consumption • Expected CO2 emission reduction 1043t/year Source: http://gec.jp/jcm/projects/18pro_vie_02/

  32. Needs multi-level, multi-stakeholder governance to promote Nexus approach 1. Horizontal Coordination Academia Int Org Finance Issues Int Org Env Issues Int Org Social Issues International National Coordinating body Civil Society National Business 2. Vertical Coordination Ministry of Social Affairs Ministry of Finance Ministry of Environment 3. Stakeholder Engagement Department of Finance Department of Social Affairs Department of Env Local Sector B Sector A Sector C Implementers and beneficiaries Source: IGES, 2018

  33. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I, I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. Robert Frost

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