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Chapter 19 Notes: Part I

Acids and Bases. Chapter 19 Notes: Part I. What are some common acids?. Vinegar (acetic acid) Carbonated drinks (carbonic and phosphoric acid) Citrus fruits (citric acid) Car battery (sulfuric acid). What are some common bases?.

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Chapter 19 Notes: Part I

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  1. Acids and Bases Chapter 19 Notes: Part I

  2. What are some common acids? • Vinegar (acetic acid) • Carbonated drinks (carbonic and phosphoric acid) • Citrus fruits (citric acid) • Car battery (sulfuric acid)

  3. What are some common bases? • Milk of magnesia (an antacid containing magnesium hydroxide) • Many cleaning products (ammonia, etc)

  4. What properties do acids have? Acids tend to be: • Tart or sour tasting • Electrolytes (in solution) • React to certain metals to produce hydrogen gas • They can cause chemical dyes (called indicators) to change colors

  5. What properties do bases have? Bases tend to be: • Bitter tasting • Slippery feeling when touched • Able to neutralize an acid • Also electrolytes (in solution)

  6. Some Acid and Bases

  7. Some Acid and Bases

  8. Some Acid and Bases

  9. What is an acid? • An acid is a compound that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. • The formula would be HaX, where X is any monatomic or polyatomic anion and a is the anion’s charge.

  10. Naming an Acid • When the name of the anion (X) ends in –ide, • the name begins with hydro-, • then the stem of the anion, • then the name ends with –ic acid instead of -ide. • ex) HCl is hydrochloric acid

  11. Naming an Acid • When the name of the ion ends in –ate, • then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ic acid instead of-ate. • H2SO4 is sulfuric acid

  12. Naming an Acid • When the name of the ion ends in –ite, • then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ous acid instead of –ite. • H2SO3 is sulfurous acid

  13. Naming an Acid Negative ion:Acid Name: _____ idehydro___ic acid _____ ate _____ic acid _____ ite _____ous acid ex) H3P , H3PO4 , H3PO3

  14. Acid Nomenclature Flowchart

  15. What is a base? • A base is a compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions when in solution. • Bases are named the same way that an ionic compound would be named. • NaOH is Sodium Hydroxide

  16. Name the following acids and bases: • chloric acid • phosphoric acid • hydrofluoric acid • nitric acid • potassium hydroxide • barium hydroxide • phosphorous acid • HClO3 • H3PO4 • HF • HNO3 • KOH • Ba(OH)2 • H3PO3

  17. Write the formula for the following: • HI • Ca(OH)2 • HNO2 • NH4OH • HNO3 • HBr • H3PO4 • hydroiodic acid • calcium hydroxide • nitrous acid • ammonium hydroxide • nitric acid • hydrobromic acid • phosphoric acid

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