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Organization Of The Human Body

Organization Of The Human Body. Maintaining Homeostasis. Tortora Page: 2. Definition of Anatomy & Physiology. Anatomy Structures Relationship of structures. Tortora Page: 2. Definition of Anatomy & Physiology. Physiology Function of structures. First “Real” Anatomist. William Harvey

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Organization Of The Human Body

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  1. Organization Of The Human Body Maintaining Homeostasis

  2. Tortora Page: 2 Definition of Anatomy & Physiology • Anatomy • Structures • Relationship of structures

  3. Tortora Page: 2 Definition of Anatomy & Physiology • Physiology • Function of structures

  4. First “Real” Anatomist • William Harvey • 1578 - 1657 • First to observe heart and circulation. • First to notice differences between warm and cold blooded animals. William Harvey

  5. Tortora Page: 2 Levels of Structural Organization • Chemical • Cellular • Tissue • Organ • Organ system • Organism

  6. Tortora Page: 2-4 Integration of Body Systems • 10 organ systems • Integrated • Strength of systems. • Specialization therefore efficiency • Weakness of systems. • interdependence

  7. Tortora Page: 5 Unifying Processes of Life • Metabolism • Catabolism Vs Anabolism • Responsiveness • Movement • Growth • # of cells, cell size, space around cells. • Differentiation • Reproduction • Cells • Organism

  8. Tortora Page: 5-7 Maintaining An Internal Balance • Homeostasis • Range of tolerance. • Optimal conditions

  9. Tortora Page: 5-7 Role of Stress & Homeostasis • Homeostasis. • Maintaining an internal balance. • Role of stress. • Environmental factor that could alter the balance.

  10. Tortora Page: 5-7 Homeostasis and Blood Pressure • Blood pressure is force behind blood as it flows through arteries. • Systolic Vs Diastolic pressure • Increase heart rate and stroke volume increase BP.

  11. Tortora Page: 5-7 Homeostasis and Blood Pressure • Pressure sensitive nerves in arteries sense higher BP. • Nerves send signal to brain. • Brain sends signals to slow heart rate.

  12. Tortora Page: 6 Feedback Systems • Feedback systems are either negative or positive. • Negative feedback systems correct deviations due to stress. • Positive accentuate the action. • Most feedback systems in the human body are negative. • Positive feedback mechanisms are regulated by negative feedback loops.

  13. The glucose roller coaster: • Low levels after sleep. • High levels after 3 donuts and hot chocolate for breakfast! • Low levels by lunch. • High levels after lunch of hershey candy and pepsi ! • Low levels by 2:00 Regulation of Glucose Levels Page 327 Tortora

  14. Excess glucose: • Insulin is secreted by islets of Langerhans (beta cells) in pancreas. • Absorbed by liver cells which converts glucose to glycogen. (polysaccharide) • Causes cells to take in glucose Regulation of Glucose Levels Page 327 Tortora

  15. Regulation of Glucose Levels • When blood glucose levels are low: • Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells in pancreas • Glycogen is broken down into glucose and released into blood. • Glucose levels surrounding the cells stays fairly even through out the day. Page 327 Tortora

  16. Tortora Page: 7-15 Basic Anatomical Position • Individual is standing upright. • Arms placed at sides of the body. • Palms facing forward. • Feet flat on floor, toes forward.

  17. Tortora Page: 2 Directional Terms • Used to locate various body structures in relationship to each other. • Superior Vs Inferior (Cranial Vs Caudal) • Anterior Vs Posterior ((Ventral Vs Dorsal) • Medial Vs Lateral • Intermediate • Proximal Vs Distal • Superficial Vs Deep Taken from Exibit 1.2

  18. Tortora Page: 7-15 Planes & Sections • Imaginary flat surfaces through the body. • Sagittal plane • Midsagittal • Parasagital • Frontal plane • Transverse

  19. Tortora Page: 7-15 Body Cavities • Spaces within the body that contain organs. • Ventral body cavity • Thoracic (heart& lungs) • Pericaridal cavity • Pleural cavity • Abdominal (digestive, liver, reproductive) • Lining of cavity is called the peritoneum

  20. Tortora Page: 7-15 Body Cavities • Dorsal Cavity • Cranial cavity • Brain • Spinal cavity • Spinal cord

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