Parliament Triumphs in England

1. Parliament Triumphs in England Mr. Divett

2. A Contrast to Absolutism • English political power shifted away from monarchs. • Parliament expanded its influence.

3. Cooperation With Parliament • Henry VIII got Parliament to legalize his actions. • Parliament approved the Act of Supremacy.

4. Cooperation With Parliament • Henry VIII spent a lot on war. • To raise new taxes he had to work with Parliament. • Parliament got used to being a part of important decisions.

5. Cooperation With Parliament • Queen Elizabeth also cooperated well with Parliament. • Parliament tended to side with the monarchy, but they liked to be a part of big decisions.

6. James Stuart • James Stuart of Scotland (James I) inherited the throne after Elizabeth. • He inherited a bunch of problems. • He also tried to say he was more powerful than Parliament.

7. The Stuarts Challenge • The House of Commons did not like this. • James fought with Parliament on several issues.

8. End of Parliament • Parliament did not want to talk about taxes. • James dissolved Parliament and collected taxes on his own.

9. Dissenters • James also fought with dissenters. • The Puritans disagreed with the Church of England and wanted to get rid of Catholic practices.

10. Charles I • Charles I was much like his dad. • He taxed heavily and imprisoned his enemies without trial.

11. Parliament Reconvenes • In 1628 Charles I called Parliament together again. • He needed money. • Parliament tried to get him to sign the Petition of Right. • This said that the king couldn’t raise taxes without the consent of Parliament. • The King also couldn’t imprison for no reason.

12. Petition of Right

13. Charles Signs and Ignores the Petition • Charles signs it. • Then he ignores it for 11 years. • He dissolves Parliament again and rules with out them during those 11 years.

14. Scottish Revolt • Charles’ Archbishop, William Laud, enforced strict Anglican rules. • Charles and Laud tried to impose an Anglican prayer book on Scotland and they revolted. Laud

15. Parliament Again • Charles needed money to suppress the Scottish Revolt. • He called Parliament together again. • This time they turned on him!

16. The Long Parliament • Started in 1640 • Lasted (on and off) until 1653 • Triggered the greatest English Revolution

17. Actions of the Long Parliament • They tried and executed Charles I’s chief ministers, which included Archbishop Laud. • They said only Parliament could dissolve Parliament.

18. Charles I on Trial

19. Charles Fights Back • In 1642 he stormed the House of Commons with troops. • He arrested the most radical leaders. • Those who escaped formed their own army.

20. Civil War • Civil war ensued. • It lasted from 1642 to 1651.

21. Cavaliers • Army of Charles I • Long hair • Plumed hats • Rich nobles

22. Roundheads • Parliament’s army • Poor people from the country • Short hair, and thus they were called roundheads

23. Oliver Cromwell • Leader of roundheads • Puritan • Skilled general • Defeated Cavaliers in several decisive battles

24. Cromwell

25. Royal Execution • Charles I was tried and found guilty. • Charles was said to be “a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and a public enemy”. • He had no fear of dying • He said “I am a martyr of the people”. • He said a prayer and gave the cue for his own death.

26. First Royal Execution • The world was shocked by the execution of Charles I. • Never before had a king been tried and executed by his own people. • This showed kings that their power was limited in England.

27. Abolition of Monarchy • House of Commons abolished: • Monarchy • The House of Lords • The Church of England

28. Cromwell and Commonwealth • They declared England a republic, named the Commonwealth. • Cromwell was the leader. • They were met with harsh opposition. Commonwealth Coat of Arms

29. Challenge • Charles II would have been the heir to the throne. • He had supporters. • They attacked England by way of Ireland and Scotland.

30. Fighting With Parliament • Parliament exiled Catholics to barren Ireland • Levellers wanted poor people in Parliament • Cromwell made himself “Lord Protector” • This was basically a dictator

31. Cromwell Dissolves Parliament

32. Dissolves the Long Parliament

33. Puritans • Enacted laws mandating Sabbath Day observance • Closed Theaters • Spoke out against gambling and pubs • Encouraged education • Invited Jews back into England after 350 years of exile

34. End of Commonwealth • Cromwell died in 1658 • People were tired of stringent Puritan beliefs • Parliament invited Charles II back to England • End of “kingless decade” • Start of Restoration

35. Charles II • Popular with the people • Reopened theaters and pubs • Reestablished the Church of England • Tolerated other religions • Accepted Petition of Right • Learned from his dad’s mistakes

36. Charles II

37. James II • Charles II’s brother • Took over the throne in 1685 • Was Catholic • Suspended laws • Appointed Catholic leaders

38. James II

39. Bloodless Conquest • Mary (James’ daughter) and husband William III of Orange were invited to be rulers of England in 1688 • They landed with their army • James fled to France • This bloodless rise to power was called the Glorious Revolution

40. William and Mary

41. William III to Claim Throne

42. Bill of Rights • William and Mary were forced to accept acts passed by Parliament before being crowned • These are called the English Bill of Rights • Parliamentary rights included: • Superiority of Parliament over monarchy • “Power of the purse” • Barring of Catholics from holding throne • Barring of monarchs from interfering with Parliamentary laws

43. Bill of Rights • Citizen’s rights: • Trial by jury • Habeas corpus • No excessive fines • No unjust punishment • No imprisonment without conviction

44. Toleration Act • Passed in 1689 • Insured religious toleration for protestants including Puritans and Quakers • Still only members of Church of England could hold office • Catholics still had no religious freedom

45. Result of the Glorious Revolution • Limited monarchy- a legislative body limits monarch’s power • This was radical compared to the rest of Europe • Inspired thinkers including John Locke

46. Constitutional Government • After the Glorious Revolution, England evolved into a constitutional government. • This included theaddition of political parties, the cabinet, and the prime minister.

47. Political Parties • Emerged in the late 1600’s • Tories- aristocrats, wanted to preserve old traditions, have royal powers, and have a superior Anglican church • Whigs- supported religious toleration, and powerful Parliament

48. Cabinet • Evolved in 1700s • Germans George I and George II inherited the English throne • They spoke no English • They needed a cabinet to help them rule • They met in a small room, hence the name “cabinet” • US adopted it

49. Prime Minister • The head of the cabinet became known as the Prime Minister • Later on the Prime Minister became more powerful than the monarch

50. David Cameron, Current UK Prime Minister