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Communication

Communication. MEANING OF COMMUNICATION. COMMUNICATION IS THE BASIC ELEMENT OF HUMAN INTERACTION THAT ALLOWS PEOPLE TO ESTABLISH,MAINTAIN AND IMPROVE CONTACTS WITH OTHERS. DEFINITION. THE WORD “COMMUNICATION” IS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN WORD “ COMMUNICARE ”

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Communication

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  1. Communication

  2. MEANING OF COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION IS THE BASIC ELEMENT OF HUMAN INTERACTION THAT ALLOWS PEOPLE TO ESTABLISH,MAINTAIN AND IMPROVE CONTACTS WITH OTHERS

  3. DEFINITION • THE WORD “COMMUNICATION” IS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN WORD “COMMUNICARE” OR “COMMUNICO” • BOTH OF WHICH MEANS “TO SHARE” • . COMMUNICATION IS DEFINED AS AN EXCHANGE OF FACTS,IDEAS,OPINIONS OR EMOTION BY TWO OR MORE PERSONS

  4. COMMUNICATION PROCESS ELEMENTS 1.Referent 2.Sender 3.Message 4.Channel 5.Receiver 6.Feedback

  5. LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION • INTRAPERSONAL • INTERPERSONAL • TRNSPERSONAL • PUBLIC

  6. CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION • ON THE BASIS OF RELATIONSHIP • formal • informal • ON THE BASIS OF FLOW • downward • upward • horizontal

  7. contd • ON THE BASIS OF EXPRESSION • VERBAL • oral • written • NONVERBAL • IT INVOLVES • FACIAL EXPRESSION • BODY POSTURE • TOUCH • EYE CONTACT • PERSONAL APPEARANCE • GESTURES

  8. NATURE OF COMMUNICATION • COMMUNICATION INVOLVES • Interchange of facts and thoughts • a two- way process • continuous or never-ending process • pervasive function • to create mutual understanding

  9. OBJECTIVES OF COMMUNICATION • TO INFORM • TO EDUCATE • TO MOTIVATE • TO RELATE • TO PROMOTE TO ENTERTAIN

  10. Factors Influencing communication • Developmental level • Gender • Sociocultural differences • Roles and responsibilities • Space and territoriality • Physical mental and emotional state • Values • Environment

  11. Using therapeutic communication in the helping relationship • It doesn’t occur spontaniously • Presence of unequal sharing of information • The ralationship is built on patient’s needs • Clear sense of professionalism in the dealings. • It is a dynamic process • Purposeful and time limited • Insists on professional accountability

  12. Phases of helping relationship • Orientation phase • Working phase • Termination phase

  13. Orientation phase • Patient will call the nurse by name • Patient will accurately describe the roles of the participants in the relationship • Pt and nrs will establish an agreement about -goals of relationship -location, frequency, and length of contacts -duration of relationship

  14. Working phase • Patient will actively participate in the relationship • Patient will coopereate in activities that work toward mutually acceptable goals • The patient will express feelings and concerns to the nurse

  15. Termination phase • Patient will participate in identifying the goals accomplished or the progress made toward goals • The patient will verbalize feelings about the termination of the relationship

  16. Factors promoting effective communication within the helping relationship • Warmth and friendliness • Openness and respect • Empathy • Honesty authenticity and trust • Caring • Competence • Comfortable environment • Privacy • Confidentiality

  17. PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION • Identify clearly what is to be communicated • Set the climate according to the goal • Consider the individuals possible reaction • Be aware of the nonverbal communication being transmitted • Time of the message should be according to the convenience of others

  18. contd • Wait for feedback from other individuals (This will aid in determining whether or not the message has been correctly understood) • Listen and observe, give full attention during receiving and interpreting the message. do not interrupt the response • Look for implied meaning of other individual

  19. contd • Evaluate the effectiveness of communication process in achieving the goals intended

  20. INTRODUCTION Communication is an essential component of survival for all creature. Even plants communicates. Research says, “Trees communicate with chemical message Animals and birds with sound and movement Master communicator Human being with use of language”

  21. MEANING OF COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION IS THE BASIC ELEMENT OF HUMAN INTERACTION THAT ALLOWS PEOPLE TO ESTABLISH,MAINTAIN AND IMPROVE CONTACTS WITH OTHERS

  22. DEFINITION • The word “communication” is derived from the Latin word “communicare” Or “communico” • Both of which means “to share” • . Communication is defined As an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotion by two or more persons

  23. Definition It is the art of transferring or exchanging information ideas or thoughts easily and correctly through verbal or non-verbal language . It is a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols , signs, or verbal behavior

  24. COMMUNICATION PROCESS ELEMENTS 1.Sender 2.Message 3.Channel 4.Receiver 5.Feedback

  25. Hearing Seeing Smell Touch Taste Communication is a Series of Experiences of

  26. WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? Communication • the exchange of information • Is dynamic [changing] • Never-ending • Usually purposeful • Influenced by feelings and value.

  27. HOW TO RECEIVE COMMUNICATION WoRDS Vision 60% 30% Hearing 10% Content

  28. Nature of communication • C. involves interchange of facts and thoughts from one person to another • C . Is a two way process involving sending of a message and receiving the reaction to the message • C . Is a continuous or never ending process

  29. Objectives of communication • To inform • To educate • To motivate • To integrate • To relate • To promote • To entertain

  30. COMMUNICATION PURPOSES. • Social • Therapeutic • Relationship development • Giving information • Clarifying • Conveying feeling.

  31. Levels of communication • Intrapersonal C. : it is a powerful form of communication that occurs within the individual e.g. self talk Interpersonal C. it is the interaction between two people or in a small group and that is face to face e.g. problem solving, sharing ideas, decision making

  32. Transpersonal C. it is the interaction which occurs with in a personal spiritual domain. e.g. prayer, meditation ,religious rituals • Public C. it is an interaction with audience or a large group of people e.g. giving lecture to the students, health education

  33. Classification of communication On the basis of relationship On the basis of flow On the basis of expression formal Informal verbal Non verbal Oral downward upward Horizontal written

  34. Communication process Message Sender Receiver Feed back

  35. Interpersonal Variables Channel: Referent Referent MESSAGE VERBAL/ NON-VERBAL RECEIVER SENDER FEEDBACK ENVIRONMENT Communication process

  36. Referent : referent motivates one person to communicate with another E.g. sound, color, objects, emotions, ideas etc. initiate communication

  37. Sender • Sender is the person who encodes and delivers the message . C. begins with the sender

  38. Message • Message is the body or subject matter of C. it contains words, symbols, pictures or some other form, which will make the receiver to understand the message

  39. Channel • Channel is the medium through which the message passes from the sender to the receiver

  40. Receiver • Receiver is the person who receives and decodes the message

  41. Feedback • The reaction, reply, or response , which the receiver of the message send back to the sender

  42. Interpersonal variables • These are the factors within both the sender and the receiver that influence C.

  43. Environment • It is the setting for sender and receiver interaction

  44. Types of communication 1. VERBAL • Uses of spoken or written words including vocal qualities like loudness, tone, pitch of voice. 2. NON-VERBAL • Eye contact • Body language • Facial expressions • Silence • Vocal cues • Touch • Appearance • Postures and gait • Gestures etc.

  45. Barriers in Communication(that have to do with the COMMUNICATOR) • Unwillingness to say things differently • Unwillingness to relate to others differently • Unwillingness to learn new approaches • Lack of Self-Confidence • Lack of Enthusiasm • Voice quality • Prejudice

  46. Disagreement between verbal and non-verbal messages • Negative Self Image • Lack of Feedback • Lack of Motivation and Training • Language and Vocabulary

  47. External Barriers in Communication • Environment • The venue • The effect of noise • Temperature in the room • Other People – Status, Education • Time

  48. Barriers in Communication(that have to do with the RECEIVER) • Selective Perception • Unwillingness to Change • Lack of Interest in the Topic/Subject • Prejudice & Belief System • Personal Value System • internal & external factors

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