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Update on PEDV

Update on PEDV. Lisa Becton, DVM, MS National Pork Board. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV). Overview of the disease Current US status Actions to manage PEDV American Association of Swine Veterinarians review Q/A. PEDV – Initial focus.

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Update on PEDV

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  1. Update on PEDV Lisa Becton, DVM, MS National Pork Board

  2. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) • Overview of the disease • Current US status • Actions to manage PEDV • American Association of Swine Veterinarians review • Q/A

  3. PEDV – Initial focus • Coordinated effort by all key stakeholders to understand where PEDV was/is occurring and how to best manage it: • United States Department of Agriculture (multiple divisions) • National Pork Board • National Pork Producers Council • American Association of Swine Veterinarians

  4. PEDV – what is it? • PEDV is a diarrheal disease of pigs that has recently been found in the United States and is similar to the TGE virus (Transmissible Gastroenteritis virus) • PEDV was confirmed in the US on May 16th, 2013 by diagnostic tests at the USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) in Ames, IA

  5. PEDV – What it is… • PEDV currently exists in many different parts of the world • Considered to be a production disease • Can be managed/controlled/eliminated with targeted biosecurity efforts

  6. PEDV – What it is NOT… • Not zoonotic • Not a food safety concern • Not a listed disease of the OIE • Not on the National Animal Health Reporting System (NAHRS) Reportable Disease List • Not considered a Foreign Animal Disease in the United States • No interstate trade restrictions pertaining to PEDV

  7. PEDV – What are the symptoms? • PEDV symptoms can vary from TGE but are generally similar: • Symptoms on farm can range from mild to rapid and explosive spread • Diarrhea and vomiting in pigs of all ages • Most severe in baby pigs • Mortality ~ 100% for pigs < 7 days of age • Mortality ~ 90% in pigs 8-21 days of age • Sows and older growing swine can show various degrees of illness, but generally more mild than baby pigs

  8. PEDV – How is it diagnosed? • Laboratory confirmation is the only way to diagnose and differentiate PEDV from TGE • Many different labs working together to have needed diagnostic tests available: Iowa State, University of Minnesota, Kansas State, South Dakota State, NVSL • Current diarrheal cases have detected TGE, so it is very important to work with your veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis!

  9. PEDV – What is the current status? • Positive samples have been identified in multiple states • PEDV has been identified in both sow farms as well as growing pig sites • Are there concerns about other potential sources of PEDV?

  10. PEDV – status of sampling • Confirmation of the disease has been from samples taken from sick pigs • After the initial diagnosis of PEDV, concerns arose that feed or ingredients might be a potential source of PEDV • USDA has worked closely with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to sample feedstuffs • No positive samples have been identified to date • However, testing is ongoing

  11. PEDV – What’s next? 2013 Supplemental Funding PED research • Speed and effectiveness • Transparent and objective • Targeted projects with short timeframes • Flexibility with oversight of Swine Health Committee leadership

  12. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea - PED 2013 Supplemental Funding request: $410,000 • PEDV Needs • Support current “entry” survey • Support next “epidemiology” survey • Carrier, immunity, transmission, challenge • Diagnostic tools and validation • Viral propagation and survival

  13. PEDV – What’s next? • Work with the Swine Health Committee, AASV, NPPC and other key stakeholders to initiate the research process for PEDV • Goal is to rapidly respond and provide needed information regarding PEDV for management of this virus

  14. PEDv Investigation 2013

  15. Survey Instrument • Primary infection • First site/herd – confirmed positive PEDv • Any stage of production • Risk factors – common to all or many confirmed positive cases • Characterize the clinical presentation • Also survey negative herd – case control for comparison

  16. Information Gathering • Herd information • # & type on site • Nearby farms • Biosecurity • Entries onto site • Trucks/trailers • Security breaches

  17. Information Gathering - continued • Inputs • Semen • Vaccines • Feed • Feed supplements/base mix/premix • Protein

  18. Characterize the clinical presentations on the farm • Clinical signs • Date of onset • Morbidity • Mortality • Samples to veterinary diagnostic laboratory • Recovery

  19. Data Analysis • National Center for Foreign Animal & Zoonotic Disease Defense (FAZD) • US Department of Agriculture – Center for Epidemiology And Animal Health (CEAH) • National Pork Board • National Pork Producers Council • American Association of Swine Veterinarians

  20. Next Steps • Lateral transmission • Containment & elimination? • Hypotheses generation • Further research

  21. Questions?

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