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Origins of The Industrial Revolution

Origins of The Industrial Revolution. By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY. Before the Industrial Revolution, entire families worked at home to manufacture things such as cloth. Causes of the Industrial Revolution. new innovations in the production of food: crop rotation

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Origins of The Industrial Revolution

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  1. Origins of The Industrial Revolution By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

  2. Before the Industrial Revolution, entire families worked at home to manufacture things such as cloth.

  3. Causes of the Industrial Revolution

  4. new innovations in the production of food: crop rotation fed city-dwellers the “enclosure movement” forced poor farmers off their land Agricultural Revolution

  5. England’s population swelled more people = specialization of labor (you can do other things besides farming!) more reliable food supplies and resistance to disease higher percentage of children led to child labor Population Growth

  6. Why Did Industrialization Begin in England First?

  7. Why was Great Britain in the 1700s ideally suited to be the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution? • Natural resources coal; iron ore; rivers • Raw materials  Colonies • Powerful navy and merchant fleet facilitated trade (Good Harbors) • Enclosure movement led to large labor supply • Investment in new inventions • Stable government • Banking system

  8. WHY BRITAIN? • Factors of production • Land • Labor • Capital (wealth)

  9. Industrial England: "Workshop of the World" That Nation of Shopkeepers! -- Napoleon Bonaparte

  10. The Enclosure Movement

  11. “Enclosed” Fields

  12. “Enclosed” Lands Today

  13. British Raw Materials

  14. Early Canals Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

  15. Coalfields & Industrial Areas

  16. Coal Mining in Britain:1800-1914

  17. Young Coal Miners

  18. Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”

  19. New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

  20. In 1769, Richard Arkwright’s water powered spinning frame resulted in the first factory for producing cloth.

  21. Richard Arkwright:“Pioneer of the Factory System” The “Water Frame”

  22. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY • Textiles: wool, linen, cotton turned into clothing • Major Inventions: • John Kay: flying shuttle • James Hargreaves: spinning jenny • Richard Arkwright: water frame • Samuel Crompton: spinning mule • Ed Cartwright: power loom • Machines set up in factories: large buildings

  23. Factory Production • Concentrates production in oneplace [materials, labor]. • Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets]. • Requires a lot of capital investment[factory, machines, etc.] morethan skilled labor. • Only 10% of English industry in 1850.

  24. The Factory System • Rigid schedule. • 12-14 hour day. • Dangerous conditions. • Mind-numbing monotony.

  25. More Innovations • Canals and steam engines on boats • New roads • Railroads– the most important transportation innovation of the Industrial Age

  26. Steam Engine 1765 James Watt Used to propel boats and locomotives

  27. Textile FactoryWorkers in England

  28. Textile FactoryWorkers in England

  29. Jacquard’s Loom

  30. Spinning mule-1835

  31. John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”

  32. The Power Loom

  33. James Watt’s Steam Engine

  34. Steam Tractor

  35. Steam Ship

  36. An Early Steam Locomotive

  37. Later Locomotives

  38. The Impact of the Railroad

  39. “The Great Land Serpent”

  40. British Cotton Trade About 1850 In the 1600s, cotton cloth imported from India had become popular. British merchants tried to organize a cotton cloth industry at home. To do so, they developed the putting out system.

  41. 18c British Port

  42. British Coin Portraying a Factory, 1812

  43. The Growth of England’sForeign Trade in the 18c

  44. 18c English “Nouveau Riche”:The Capitalist Entrepreneur

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