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Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs

Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs. Chapter 8 Objectives. Next. Identify the types of system software. Summarize the features of several stand-alone operating systems. Describe the functions of an operating system. Identify various network operating systems.

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Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs

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  1. Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs

  2. Chapter 8 Objectives Next Identify the types of system software Summarize the features of several stand-alone operating systems Describe the functions of an operating system Identify various network operating systems Discuss ways that some operating systems help administrators control a network and administer security Identify devices that use several embedded operating systems Explain the purpose of the utilities included with most operating systems Explain the purpose of various stand-alone utility programs

  3. System Software Operating system (OS)(sometimes called the platform) coordinates all activities among computer hardware resources Next • What is system software? Programs that control operation of computer Two types are operating systems and utility programs p. 8.02

  4. Operating Systems Next • What are the functions of an operating system? start the computer provide a user interface manage programs administer security manage memory control a network provide file management and other utilities monitor performance establish an Internet connection schedule jobs and configure devices p. 8.02 Fig. 8-1

  5. Operating System Functions Next • What is booting? • Process of starting or restarting a computer • Cold boot Turning on computer that has been powered off • Warm boot Restarting computer that is powered on Warm boot from Windows desktop Warm boot from system unit p. 8.04 Fig. 8-2

  6. Operating System Functions Next • What messages display on the screen when you boot the computer? p. 8.04 Fig. 8-3

  7. Operating System Functions Click to view Web Link, then click BIOS below Chapter 8 Next • How does a personal computer boot up? Step 4.Results of POST are compared with data in CMOS chip Step 1.Power supply sends signal to com-ponents in system unit Step 5.BIOS looks for system files in floppy disk drive and then hard disk Step 2.Processor accesses BIOS to start computer Step 6.Kernel (core) of operating system loads into RAM Step 3.BIOS runs tests, called the POST, to check components such as mouse, keyboard, and adapter cards Step 7.Operating system in memory takes control of computer Step 8.Operating system loads configuration information and displays desktop on screen Step 9.Operating system executes programs in StartUp folder Step 10.Click Start to display list of applications you can run p. 8.05 Fig. 8-4

  8. Operating System Functions Next • What is a recovery disk? • Contains system files that will start computer when computer cannot boot • Also called boot disk p. 8.07 Fig. 8-5

  9. Operating System Functions Next • What is a user interface? • Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen command-line (DOS) interface graphical (Windows) interface p. 8.08 Fig. 8-6

  10. Operating System Functions Next • What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? • User interacts with menus and visual images such as icons and buttons p. 8.08 Fig. 8-7

  11. Operating System Functions multiple programs running all running processes Next • What is single user/ multitasking? • Working on two or more programs that reside in memory at same time • Foreground contains application you are using • Background contains programs that are running but are not in use p. 8.09 Fig. 8-8

  12. Operating System Functions Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously Continues to operate when one of its components fails Can support two or more processors running programs at same time Has duplicate components such as processors, memory, and disk drives Next • What are other program management features of operating systems? multiprocessing multiuser fault-tolerant computer p. 8.10

  13. Operating System Functions Next • What is memory management? • Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM) • With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is allocated to function as RAM Step 1.The operating system transfers the least recently used data and program instructions to disk because memory is needed for other functions. Step 2.The operating system transfers data and program instructions from disk to memory when they are needed. p. 8.10 Fig. 8-9

  14. Operating System Functions Adjusts schedule based on job’s priority Next • How does an operating system schedule jobs? Receiving data from input device Sending information to output device A job is operation the processor manages Processing instructions Transferring items between storage and memory p. 8.11

  15. Operating System Functions Next • What is spooling? • Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer • Print jobs line up in queue p. 8.11 Fig. 8-10

  16. Operating System Functions With Plug and Play, operating system automatically configures new devices as you install them Program that tells operating system how to communicate with device Device Driver Next • What is a device driver? Also called driver p. 8.12

  17. Operating System Functions Next • How does an operating system monitor performance? • Provides program, called performance monitor, that assesses and reports information about system resources and devices p. 8.14 Fig. 8-13

  18. Operating System Functions Next • What is a network operating system? • Allows users to share printer, Internet access, files, and programs on a network • Administers security by establishing user name and password for each user p. 8.14 Fig. 8-14

  19. Utility Programs Next • What is a utility program? • System software that performs maintenance-type tasks • Also called utility p. 8.15 Fig. 8-15

  20. Operating System Utility Programs Next • What is a file manager? • Performs functions such as copying, renaming, deleting, and moving files • Image viewer displays contents of graphics file when you double click on it p. 8.16 Figs. 8-16–8-17

  21. Operating System Utility Programs Next • What is an uninstaller? Removes a program and all associated files In Windows XP, uninstaller is in Add/Remove Programs in Control Panel p. 8.17

  22. Operating System Utility Programs Next • What is a disk scanner? • Detects and corrects problems on hard disk or floppy disk • Searches for and removes unnecessary files p. 8.17 Fig. 8-18

  23. Operating System Utility Programs file before defragmenting fragmented disk file after defragmenting Next • What is a disk defragmenter? • Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so programs run faster p. 8.17 Fig. 8-19

  24. Operating System Utility Programs Next • What is a backup utility? • Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto another disk or tape • Most compress files during backup to require less storage space p. 8.18 Fig. 8-21

  25. Operating System Utility Programs Next • What is a screen saver? • Causes monitor’s screen to display moving image or blank screen if there is no activity for a specified time • Prevent ghosting • To secure computer, user configures screen saver to require password to deactivate p. 8.18 Fig. 8-22

  26. Types of Operating Systems Embedded Network Stand-alone Next • What are three categories of operating systems? p. 8.19

  27. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Developed in early 1980s for personal computers D Used command-line interface when first developed, later included menus O Hardly used today because it does not offer GUI S Next • What is DOS (Disk Operating System)? p. 8.20

  28. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Windows Version Year Released Windows 3.x 1990 Windows NT 3.1 1993 Windows 95 1995 Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996 Windows 98 1998 Windows Millennium Edition 2000 Windows 2000 Professional 2000 Windows XP 2001 Next • How do Windows versions compare? p. 8.20

  29. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Next • What is Windows XP? • Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows operating system • Available in three editions: Home Edition, Professional Edition, and Tablet PC Edition p. 8.20 Fig. 8-25

  30. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Next • What is Mac OS X? • Available only for computers manufactured by Apple • Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs p. 8.22 Fig. 8-28

  31. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Click to view Web Link, then click UNIXbelow Chapter 8 Next • What is UNIX? • Bell Lab licensed • Used by power users because of its flexibility and power • Most versions offer GUI • Both a stand-alone and a network operating system p. 8.23 Fig. 8-30

  32. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Next • What is Linux? • Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system • Open-source softwaree—code is available to public • Both a stand-alone and a network operating system Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat Linux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shown in this example. p. 8.24 Fig. 8-31

  33. Embedded Operating Systems Next • What is an embedded operating system? • Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and other small devices • Windows CE .NET is scaled-down version of Windows p. 8.26 Fig. 8-32

  34. Stand-Alone Utility Programs SIGNS OF VIRUS INFECTION Next • What is a virus? • Potentially damaging computer program • Affects computer without user’s knowledge p. 8.28 Fig. 8-36

  35. Stand-Alone Utility Programs Next • What is an antivirus program? • Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage media, and incoming files • Must be updated frequently p. 8.28 Fig. 8-37

  36. Stand-Alone Utility Programs Next • What is a personal firewall? • Protects personal computer from unauthorized intrusions • Monitors all transmissions to and from computer p. 8.29 Fig. 8-38

  37. Stand-Alone Utility Programs Next • What is a file compression utility? • Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve performance • Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files • Two popular utilities: PKZIPTM and WinZip® p. 8.29 Fig. 8-39

  38. Stand-Alone Utility Programs Next • What is a personal computer maintenance utility? • Identifies and fixes operating system problems and disk problems • Some continuously monitor computer to identify problems before they occur p. 8.30 Fig. 8-40

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