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Rocks

Rocks. Earth’s crust is made of rock. Rocks are mixtures of minerals and sometimes other materials. When studying a rock sample , geologists observe the rock’s: Color Texture Chemical composition. Most rocks are made up of grains , particles of minerals , or other rocks.

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Rocks

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  1. Rocks • Earth’s crust is made of rock. • Rocks are mixtures of minerals and sometimes other materials.

  2. When studying a rock sample, geologists observe the rock’s: • Color • Texture • Chemical composition

  3. Most rocks are made up of grains, particles of minerals, or other rocks. • Texture is the look that results from: • Size • Shape • Pattern of rock’s grains

  4. Coarse-grained-- large/easy to see. • Fine-grained – small, even microscopic.

  5. Grains in rock often form a pattern.

  6. Flat layers (strata)

  7. Wavy, swirling patterns

  8. Rows of beads

  9. Random or no pattern

  10. Some rocks have NO grain, because they cooled too quickly when they formed.

  11. There are 3 groups of rocks: • Igneous • Metamorphic • Sedimentary

  12. Igneous Rocks Formed from the cooling of molten (melted) rock. Examples: pumice, granite, basalt

  13. Sedimentary Rocks Formed when particles of other rocks, plants, or animals are cemented together. Examples: Sandstone, breccia, siltstone

  14. Metamorphic Rocks Formed when existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. Examples: gneiss, schist, phyllite

  15. The Rock Cycle

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