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Electro-mechanical power in Hybrid Automobiles

Electro-mechanical power in Hybrid Automobiles. Mckay Williams ECE 5320 Mechatronics Assignment #1. OUTLINE . References Motivation Major Applications Basic Working Principles Reliability Limitations Cost vs. Benefit Issues. References. www.toyota.com www.honda.com www.wikipedia.org

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Electro-mechanical power in Hybrid Automobiles

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  1. Electro-mechanical power in Hybrid Automobiles Mckay Williams ECE 5320 Mechatronics Assignment #1

  2. OUTLINE • References • Motivation • Major Applications • Basic Working Principles • Reliability • Limitations • Cost vs. Benefit Issues

  3. References • www.toyota.com • www.honda.com • www.wikipedia.org • www.fordvehicles.com • www.lexus.com • www.howstuffworks.com • www.freescale.com • www.soultec.com

  4. Motivation • World gasoline prices have doubled in recent years, with no sign of relief. • The oil dependent countries of the world worry about strategic implications of an energy crisis. • Global warming fears have sparked consumer desire to promote cleaner transportation alternatives.

  5. Major Applications • Toyota Prius • Toyota Highlander Hybrid (SUV) • Honda Civic Hybrid • Lexus RX400h (Luxury) • Ford Escape Hybrid (SUV)

  6. Toyota Prius www.toyota.com

  7. Toyota Prius • Aluminum double overhead cam (DOHC) 16-valve VVT-i 4-cylinder (76hp/82lb-ft) • Permanent magnet AC synchronous motor (67hp/295lb-ft) • Sealed Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) (28hp/201.6V) • Electronically controlled continuously variable transmission (ECVT) • EPA Estimated MPG: 48/45/46 (city/highway/average)

  8. Toyota Highlander Hybrid www.toyota.com

  9. Toyota Highlander Hybrid • 3.3-liter double overhead cam (DOHC), 24-valve VVT-i V6 (208hp/212lb-ft) • Permanent magnet motor (167hp/247lb-ft) • Sealed Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) (67hp/288V) • 5-speed electronically controlled automatic overdrive transmission w/ intelligence (ECT-i) • EPA Estimated MPG 27/25 (city/highway)

  10. Honda Civic Hybrid www.automobiles.honda.com

  11. Honda Civic Hybrid • Aluminum-Alloy 4-cylinder 8-Valve SOHC i-VTEC (110hp/123lb-ft) • Permanent Magnet Motor (20hp/76lb-ft) • Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) • EPA Estimated MPG 40/45/42 (city/highway/average)

  12. Lexus RX400h www.lexus.com

  13. Lexus RX400h (AWD) • 3.3-liter V6 Variable Valve Timing with intelligence (VVT-i) • Front and rear high-output, permanent-magnet electric motors • Total System Power: 268hp • 0-60 in 7.1 sec • EPA Estimated MPG 26/24 (city/highway)

  14. Ford Escape Hybrid www.wikipedia.org

  15. Ford Escape Hybrid (4WD) • 2.3L I4 Atkinson Cycle Engine (133hp/124lb-ft) • Permanent Magnet AC synchronous motor (94hp) • Sealed Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) (330V) • EPA Estimated MPG 29/27 (city/highway)

  16. Basic Working PrinciplesSystem Overview • In most hybrid automobiles the wheels are driven in parallel by both a gasoline engine, and an electric motor. • At low speeds the car runs on electric power alone, and the engine helps at higher speed. • Through continuously variable transmissions (CCV) the engines are tuned to a certain speed for maximum efficiency

  17. Basic Working PrinciplesSystem Overview • The hybrid motor allows the use of a much smaller engine than would normally be used in the same size of car, which increases efficiency. • The engine powers a generator, which recharges the batteries so you never have to plug in. • The batteries are also recharged when you brake to re-harness energy that would otherwise be lost.

  18. Basic Working PrinciplesExample of Gearing

  19. Basic Working PrinciplesPermanent Magnet Motor • All of the top 5 selling hybrid cars in the U.S. use permanent magnet AC synchronous motors. • This variety of motor is used for its extremely high efficiency, strong torque coefficient, and longevity. • The basic PM motor uses a stationary stator enclosure that houses various windings of coil. The rotor has permanent magnets on it, and when and AC current runs through the windings the magnetic field turns the motor.

  20. Basic Working PrinciplesPermanent Magnet Illustation • Shows a 3 phase AC synchronous PM Motor

  21. Reliability • "These hybrid systems have been very reliable," states David Champion, senior director of Consumer Reports' auto test center, noting the 94% of Toyota Prius owners who would buy another Prius, according to their influential consumer survey.” • Not only are these cars generally very reliable, but they also come with great warranties ranging from 8 year/80K miles to 8 year/100k miles on all hybrid parts.

  22. Limitations • Gasoline as an energy source is still far more dense than even our most modern batteries. Battery energy/weight problems hold back the industry. • A hybrid system is much more complex than a conventional automobile. This translates into higher consumer cost, which has the effect of canceling out the money saving MPG technology.

  23. Cost VS Benefit • A typical hybrid automobile costs around $4,000 more than its conventional equivalent. • In the case of the Honda Civic, the hybrid version averages EPA 42 MPG, the normal civic averages EPA 29 MPG. • At these rates, over ten years and 150K miles of vehicle ownership, the total cost of gasoline at $3/gal for the hybrid is $10,714. The conventional equivalent will cost 15,517. • At $3/gal, you barely brake even after 10 years.

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