Ch 4 Sec 3 : Persia Attacks the Greeks! Date

1. RAP (left page) Ch 4 Sec 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks!Date Mapping Skills page 132 Copy and answer questions 1 and 2 About 1,700-1,800 miles long It had conquered land just to the north and east of the Greek mainland.

2. WIO (right page) Ch. 4 Sec. 2 Sparta and Athens Date Draw a diagram to compare and contrast Sparta and Athens. You may use any concept/diagram you would like. You must include at least 5 details about each city-state.

3. Ch. 4 Sec 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks!Date RAP (left page) Geography Skills page 134: Copy and answer questions 1 and 2 Salamis The Persians were deep in enemy territory and very far from their supply bases Now, using the maps in your ISN and the map on pages 132 and 134, draw or sketch a map of Greece and its surrounding areas. Label the following places: 1. Persia 2. Marathon 3. Thermopylea 4. Salamis 5. Plataea

4. WOW - notes Ch 4 Sec 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks!Date The Persian Empire united a wide area under a single government. • Today it is southwestern Iran • Cyrus the Great: united the Persians and began building an empire b/w 559-530 BC, merciful ruler • 539 BC: Persians captured Babylon, northern Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Syria, Canaan (Israel), and the Phoenicians • Later leaders conquered Egypt, western India, and Thrace (north of Greece) • Empire was about the size of the continental United States!! • Built roads and road stations to keep the empire connected Persian Empire

5. Map of Persian Empire

6. Ch 4 Sec 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks!Date WOW - notes PersianGovernment • Large empire very difficult to manage • came to throne in 521 BC reorganize government • Divided empire into provinces called satrapies, which was ruled by a satrap • Satrap served as tax collector, judge, chief of police, recruiter for Persian army Darius

7. Ch 4 Sec 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks!Date WOW - notes Military • Persian soldiers paid to work full time • Greek soldiers were volunteers only during war time.

8. Ch 4 Sec 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks!Date WOW - notes Zoroastrianism • Persian Religion • Founded by Zoroaster • Monotheistic – like Jews believed in one God as creator and force of goodness • Recognized evil in the world • Goodness triumphs in the end! • Some still follow it today! Why did Darius create satrapies?

9. Ch 4 Sec 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks!Date WOW - notes The Persian Wars Both Sparta and Athens played roles in defeating Persia • Mid-500’s BC: Persian controlled Greek cities in Asia Minor • Athenian army tried to help them rebel in 499 BC, but Darius defeated them and turned his attention to mainland Greece

10. Ch 4 Sec 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks!Date WOW - notes The Battle of Marathon • 490 BC: Persian fleet landed at Marathon and waited for Athenian attack • Athenians held back b/c they had fewer men • Persians decided to attack Athens directly and loaded cavalry onto ships first • Then Athens attacked the foot soldiers! Persians defeated!

11. Ch 4 Sec 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks!Date WOW - notes Another Persian Strike Xerxes Themistocles Leonidas • Became King after Darius died in 486 BC • Vowed revenge!!!! • 480 BC: launched new invasion with 180,000 troops, warships and supplies • Athenian general with a plan to fight Persians! • Greeks joined forces • Spartan king served as commander • Sparta provided soldiers and Athens provided the navy

12. Ch. 4 Sec 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks!Date WOW - notes Themistocles’ Plan • Greeks knew the Persians depended on food shipments brought in by boat • He wanted to attack those ships and cut off food supplies • Had to stall the Persian army at Thermoplyae • 7,000 Greeks held Persian army off for 2 days for Athenians to assemble 200 ships

13. Ch 4 Sec 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks!Date WOW - notes • Persians led around behind Greeks • King Leonidas and some troops stayed to fight to the death! • Greeks lost at Thermopylae, but gave the Athenians enough time to ready their ships • Greeks attacked with their faster, smaller ships and destroyed most of the Persian fleet • But Persian army marched on and burned the city of Athens (big mistake) TRAITOR!!! Straight of Salamis

14. Ch 4 Sec 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks!Date WOW - notes The End of the War • Northwest of Athens • Greek resolve stiffened 479 BC: Greeks came together to form the largest army ever with better weapons and armor • Greeks crushed the Persian army saving their homeland • Persians then retreated to Asia Minor Plataea

15. Ch. 4 Sec 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks!Date WOW - notes The Fall of the Persian Empire Persia Alexander the Great • Weakened by the Greeks • Had many internal problems • Empire remained intact for 150 more years • Raised taxes and spent too much • Many rebellions made it vulnerable to attack • Fighting over the throne (6 out of 9 rulers after Darius were murdered) • invaded the empire in 334 BC • 330 BC: Alexander succeeds and the Persian Empire falls

16. Ch 4 Sec 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks!Date WIO (right page) HW: Finish your WIO. It must be colored! Due Friday Feb. 17th ! Make an illustrated timeline for the major battles of the Persian Wars. It should include the following battles: The Battle of Marathon, The Battle of Thermopylae, The Battle of Salamis, and The Battle of Plataea Must include: Who When Why Results

17. Battle of Marathon 490 BC Sparta and Athens vs Persia 486 BC 479 BC 490 BC 480BC EXAMPLE