TRANSITION FROM ECONOMIC CENSUS TO BUSINESS REGISTER

1. TurkStat TRANSITIONFROM ECONOMIC CENSUSTO BUSINESS REGISTER Bünyamin EMİROSMAN TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTETurkStat The Second International Workshop on Economic Census 6-9 July 2009 Seoul, Republic of Korea

2. Overview of the presentation A – The Last Economic Census of Turkey 1 – Background 2 – Classification and Statistical Unit 3 – Coverage 4 – History of Economic Census 5 – Organization 6 – Field Application 7 – Data collection and data processing B – Current Situation: After 2005 1 – New Statistical System of Turkey 2 – Coordination with Eurostat 3 – Business Register (BR) 4 – Other Registers 5 – Annual Industry and Service Statistics (AISS) 6 – Conclusion

3. A – The Last Economic Census of TurkeyBackground Turkish Statistical Institute was obliged to conduct in the years ending with three (for the reference year ending with two) of the Decree Commanded as Law, No. 219 dated June 8, 1984 and as stated in the Item 2, Paragraph (d) of the Decree Commanded as Law, No. 357 dated January 27, 1989.

4. A – The Last Economic Census of TurkeyBackground • The main purposes of 2002 General Census of Industry and Business Establishments are, • To obtain data for the shaping of the five years development plans and programs, • To extract the sector profiles, • To enable the conduction of to Input – Output and National Income studies, • To make supra-national comparisons possible by keeping in line with international recommendations, • To obtain data-sets on every non-agricultural sector compliant with the EU standards,

5. A – The Last Economic Census of TurkeyBackground • Implementation of a statistical system that utilizes administrative registers, • Setting up of a ’’STATISTICAL BUSINESS REGISTERS SYSTEM” in accordance with the systems used in EU, • With the help of the register, establishing an updated and reliable frame and sampling criteria on the basis of legal unit, enterprise and local unit, • Structuring of a basis for surveys, regarding statistical units that will be conducted in intermediate years.

6. A – The Last Economic Census of Turkey Statistical Unit and Classification Statistical Unit: Statistical Units were enterprise and local unit (establishment). Activity Classification: Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE Rev.1) were used. Regional Classification: NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) level I, II and III were used. TurkStat has 26 Regional Offices in NUTS II Level since 2003. NUTS I 12 Region NUTS II 26 Region NUTS III 81 Province

7. A – The Last Economic Census of TurkeyClassificationand Statistical Unit Regional Offices of TurkStat in NUTS II Level

8. A – The Last Economic Census of TurkeyCoverage Geographical coverage of the census was the whole Turkey. For the first time the localities which have population less than 2000 were also included in this census. Sectoral coverage: All activities included in NACE Rev.1 divisions from C to K and from M to O are covered; C   Mining and quarryingD   Manufacturing industryE   Electricity, gas and waterF   Construction and public worksG   Wholesale and Retail tradeH   Hotel, restaurant, cafe and pastry shopI    Transportation, storage and communicationsJ    Financial Intermediation ActivitiesK   Real Estate, Renting and Business ActivitiesM   EducationN   Health and Social Work O   Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities

9. A – The Last Economic Census of TurkeyHistory of Economic Census In Turkey eight censuses were carried out in 1927, 1950, 1963, 1970, 1980, 1985, 1992 and 2002. In future it is not foreseen to conduct an economic survey.

10. A – The Last Economic Census of TurkeyOrganization Prime Ministry Circular 30.07.2002 No B.02.0.PPG.0.12-320-11817 on the implementation of the General Census of Industry and Business Establishments was sent to relevant institutions and organizations. Following the Prime Ministry Circular; • Province Census Committees under presidency of Province Governors and their deputies in all provinces, • County Census Committees under presidency of District Governors in all counties and • Census Bureaus in all provinces and 243 counties were founded. Authorized staff of the relevant institutions and organizations was commissioned in these Committees and field organization of the Census was achieved through high collaboration.

11. A – The Last Economic Census of TurkeyOrganization Cooperating / supporting institutions and organizations were: • Ministry of Finance:Giving efficient support for the implementation of the Census by helping with the usage of its administrative records, province and county organization of MoF provided coordination with tax and finance offices to which taxpayers are registered in case of a problem in fieldwork. • Ministry of Industry and Trade:Province and county organization have been active participants and helped with the usage of their records. • Ministry of the Interior: Having been commissioned as the president of the Census Committees, Province and District Governors managed to achieve success in preparation studies before the Census, during the Census, and in transmitting the results to the center in the aftermath of the Census. Assistance from Municipalities was demanded on administrative records, when necessary. • Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs:Implementation and organization of the Census for businesses in villages with less than 2000 population and without a municipal body have been achieved through cooperation with Province and County Agriculture Directorates. County Agriculture Directors were trained on questionnaires and were held responsible for the training of their staff

12. A – The Last Economic Census of Turkey Field Application • The Census was carried out according to street-scanning method. • In the beginning, each business in streets was enumerated by using building tables maps and plats. • All of establishments in the coverage of Building Tables were enumerated by using administrative registers (MoF). • In order to assure consistency, Tax numbers from the record of Ministry of Finance (MoF) were matched by computers in Province Census Bureaus with the ones in the questionnaires filled in the local units.

13. A – The Last Economic Census of TurkeyField Application • Questionnaires for those whose activities is not in a stationary workplace, for instance hawkers, stallholders, individual goods and passenger transporters, whose registered address in MoF records appears as their home address, were filled in their home address.

14. A – The Last Economic Census of TurkeyData collection and data processing The questionnaire contained 31 questions on identification variables, address variables, stratification variables, relationships, ownership, activities, economic figures etc. Filled questionnaires first collected in census bureaus and the comparison with MoF registers were done immediately by computer based programme. All questionnaires sent to the Head Quarter where all were scanned and automatically stored in database. Checks were realized and data were evaluated.

15. B – Current Situation: After 2005New Statistical System of Turkey • Statistics Law of Turkey entered into force in 10/11/2005 to comply with the EU regulations and national needs, • This law re-organized the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat). • Official Statistics Programme and Statistical Council was established.

16. B – Current Situation: After 2005New Statistical System of Turkey The Official Statistics Programme establishes the framework for officialstatistics that shall be produced on subjects required at national and international level. Censuses and surveys are carried out within the framework of this Programme. Taking into account the existing resources, the burden on the respondents and the cost-benefit analysis, the Programme covers statistics needed to determine and monitor the situations of the country in the fields of economy, social issues, demography, culture, environment, science, technology and any other required areas. The Programme is drafted by the TurkStat for a term of five years in line with the advisory comments of the Statistical Council and submitted to the Council of Ministers. The Programme shall be put into effect upon the publication of the decision of the Council of Ministers in the Official Gazette.

17. B – Current Situation: After 2005New Statistical System of Turkey • The main duty of the Statistics Council is to advise on the development and implementation of the Programme and on the production and use of official statistics; to determine and assess the areas in which official statistics are needed and to provide opinions and suggestions for future works to be carried out. • The President of Turkish Statistical Institute is the chair of the Council which consists of various official institutes, organizations and non-governmental organizations. The Law foresees that the Council meets at least once a year.

18. B – Current Situation: After 2005New Statistical System of Turkey • In order to be used for the production of official statistics, the institutions and organizations are obliged to submit or open to use of the TurkStat the records and other administrative data files. • Institutions and organizations are obliged to establish, update and open to the statistical use of the Presidency their national register systems regarding their working areas in line with the standards defined by the Presidency.

19. B – Current Situation: After 2005New Statistical System of Turkey • There is not any statement for economic census or any other census to conduct specific years in the Statistics Law of Turkey. If an economic census needs to be conduct it will be evaluated in the Statistical Council, but it is not foreseen that to conduct an economic survey in Turkey.

20. B – Current Situation: After 2005Coordination with Eurostat • TurkStat has applied EU project named Upgrading the Statistical System of Turkey (USST) Phase I and II since 2006. • The objective of the project is to upgrade the Statistical System of Turkey according to EU standards on the methodology and quality of compiling and processing statistical information and to ensure the efficient coordination by the TurkStat. • Improvement of Business Register and Business Statistics are the main component of the both project. • Study visits, abroad trainings, local trainings, local meeting, workshops, and data collection grant are realized by the projects.

21. B – Current Situation: After 2005Business Register (BR) • Ministry of Finance records are the main administrative source. • 2002 General Census of Industry and Business Establishments results and MoF records were checked and matched. • Also, the multi-unit enterprises control forms were included in 2002 Annual Industry and Service Statistics application. • Legal units, Enterprises (under assumption of LeU=Ent), Local units are used in Business Register. • All activities except A,B and L are included. • The BR data is kept historically. • Updates are realized by MoF records and annual inquiries. • The results of Annual Industry and Service Statistics inquiries are also be used. • Business Demography Statistics will be produced by BR.

23. BR_ENT_GROUP BR_ADDRESS BR_ENTERPRISE BR_LEGAL_UNIT BR_LU_ADDRESS BR_LOCAL_UNIT BR_KAU BR_LU_EMP BR_LKAU BR_LKAU_EMP MB_BGERCEK MB_BADI MB_BTUZEL P8 P3 MB_BSTUZELORTAKLARI MB_BKIMLIK P1 MB_BSTUZELYONETICILERI MB_ BLTDTOAS P6 MB_ BMUKBLG MB_ BSICILADRES P2 P7 P5 MB_ BMESLEK KODU MB_BISCI_ SAYISI P4 MoF Records Business Register

24. B – Current Situation: After 2005Business Register (BR) Outputs of The BR • Used as a Sampling frame for Annual Surveys such as AISS, PRODCOM, ICT, CIS … • And also for STS, • Limited data producing such as number of enterprise by activity and provinces. • Business Demography Statistics will be produced end of this year.

25. B – Current Situation: After 2005 Other registers • National Address Database and Address Based Population Register System constructed in 2007 by the organization of TurkStat with the help of Ministry Interior and other related institutions. • In every year end of January the population of the Turkey declared by TurkStat with the help of this System.

26. B – Current Situation: After 2005Annual Survey Purpose of Annual Industry and Service Statistics (AISS) • To determine structure of industry and service sector which constitutes important part of national economy and changes of the country's social and economic structure, • To compile data to determine structure of the sectors, • To compile data for international comparison and to meet national and international demand for data, • To make available international statistical comparisons, • To compile sector based data compatible with EU Structural Business Statistics regulations.

27. B – Current Situation: After 2005Annual Survey Sectoral Coverage of AISS • All activities included in NACE Rev.1.1. divisions from C to K and from M to O are covered.To compile data to determine structure of the sectors, Geographical coverage: • Regardless of the population size all province and district centers and municipalities are covered. Gas stations and organized industrial regions in interurban roads are covered. • All the enterprises and their local units those are covered by sectoral coverage.

28. B – Current Situation: After 2005Annual Survey • Estimation dimension: The aim of AISS is to produce information based on enterprise and local unit. For all sectors, statistics in terms of enterprise NACE 4-digit level and in terms of local units NACE 2-digit level regional estimations are produced. • Full enumeration limits: After estimation dimensions and the structure of the sectors are taken into consideration during the studies of AISS, full enumeration limits are determined as follows: §  All enterprises having 20+ employees, § In terms of sectors, some NACE 4 digit activities are covered by full enumeration.

29. B – Current Situation: After 2005Annual Survey • Sampling frame from BR and Sampling Size for AISS in year 2003-2008

30. B – Current Situation: After 2005Annual Survey Some variables compiled in AISS • Turnover • Production value • Gross investment in tangible goods • Value-added at factor cost • Total purchases of goods and services • Change in stocks of goods and services • Number of persons employed • Wages and salaries • Social security costs • Number of hours worked by employees

31. B – Current Situation: After 2005Annual Survey Results of AISS 2003-2006

32. B – Current Situation: After 2005Conclusion The aims of TurkStat in business statistics are; • to finalize establishment of statistical Business Register, • to decrease response burden and production cost, • to use more administrative records/data instead of survey, • to increase data quality and timeliness, • to adapt European Statistical System.

33. Thank you for your attention!