History of Psychology and Research Methods

1. History of Psychology and Research Methods In the Beginning Terminology (Not always multiple choice, but worth more) Correlation Who the Heck are you? Who you lookin’ at? (Not multiple choice: big points) Occupied by Psychology Experiment Ethics 750 points

2. In the Beginning 600 500 400 300 200 100

3. Occupied by Psychology 500 400 300 200 100

4. Terminology 500 MC 500 MC 400 400 400

5. Who you lookin’ at? 1000 1000 1000

6. Correlation 500 400 link wont work 300 200 100

7. Experiment 500 400 300 200 100 Does not work #25

8. Who the Heck are you? 500 400 300 200 100

9. 1. 1st American psychologist and functionalist rote the first general text book on psychology called Principles of Psychology (1890) • Sigmund Freud • Wilhelm Wundt • John Watson • William James • Carl Rodgers

10. 2. __________________ said our personality is based on three structures, id, ego, and superego.. • A) Carl Rodgers • B) Sigmund Freud • C) Abraham Maslow • D) B.F. Skinner • E) William James

11. 3. This behavioral researcher used classical conditioning to change behaviors.He is well known for his Little Albert experiment. • Sigmund Freud • Wilhelm Wundt • John Watson • William James • Carl Rodgers

12. 4. This researcher was considered the Mac Daddy of Operant Conditioning. He was a nurture guy through and through. • A) Carl Rodgers • B) John Watson • C) Wilhelm Wundt • D) B.F. Skinner • E) William James

13. 5. This psychologist stated that as humans we need genuineness, acceptance and empathy for us to grow. • Sigmund Freud • Wilhelm Wundt • John Watson • William James • Carl Rodgers

14. 6. This psychologist used the method of introspection in his “research” to describe conscious experiences. • Sigmund Freud • Wilhelm Wundt • John Watson • William James • Carl Rodgers

15. pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp 7. This occupation of psychology involves the assessment and treatment of medical illness, abnormal behavior, and psychiatric problems. Developmental Psychologist Clinical Psychologist Forensic Psychologist Health Psychologist Counseling Psychologist.

16. 8. This occupation in psychology studies the changes that occur in human beings over the course of their life time Developmental Psychologist Clinical Psychologist Forensic Psychologist Health Psychologist Counseling Psychologist.

17. 9. This psychologist studies the structure and function of the brain as they relate to specific psychological processes and behaviors. • Evolutionary Psychologist • Clinical Psychologist • Forensic Psychologist • Health Psychologist • Neuropsychologist.

18. 10. The study of the psychological adaptations of humans to the changing physical and social environment, and behavioral differences among individuals. Evolutionary Psychologist Developmental Psychologist Forensic Psychologist Health Psychologist Neuropsychologist.

19. 11. This psychologist focuses on how biological, social and psychological things influence physical well being. • Evolutionary Psychologist • Developmental Psychologist • Forensic Psychologist • Health Psychologist • Neuropsychologist.

20. 12. An explanation (why) using an integrated (combined) set of principles (beliefs) that organizes and predicts observations Theory

21. 13. Observing subjects in their natural setting without getting involved is called. Naturalistic observation

22. 14. An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles for all people, such as families are Jon and Kate plus 8. Case Study

23. 15. Any factor that is able to change is called a • A) control factor. • B) placebo. • C) correlation. • D) variable. • E) experimental factor

24. 16. The following is an example of an operational definition: • A) he is stressed and doesn’t adjust to his environment. • B) she has a personality that won’t allow to relate to others well. • C) she shows empathy and can understand the other person’s feelings. • D) all of the above. • E) none of the above.

25. 17. Seeing what one expects to see, such as “Students at Coastal Academy are “bad”. I knew it would be that way”. This is called: Observer Bias

26. 18. The mere presence of an observer can alter the situation—people behave differently is called _______________ . • Reactivity

27. 19. Attributing one’s own mentalstates to those studied—including non-human organisms and artifacts is called ___________________. • Anthropomorphizing

28. 20. Joan had not been able to get pregnant for years so she and her husband decided to adopt. Six months after the adoption, Joan became pregnant. This proves: • A) the belief that infertile couples are more likely to have a child after adoption. • B) if you try hard to have a child, you are less likely to due to stress. • C) she must have become remarried. • D) coincidences which confirm a belief are believed to be meaningful.

29. 21. Which of the following correlation coefficients reflects the strongest correlation? • A) +1.10 • B) -.64 • C) +.35 • D) -.10 • E) +.63

30. 22. A mistaken belief that two factors or events are related when they are not is called: • A) hindsight bias. • B) false consensus effect. • C) an illusory correlation. • D) overconfidence. • E) correlation coefficient.

31. 23. Consistently, we find low self-esteem is often related with high levels of depression. This means: • A) low self-esteem causes depression. • B) depression causes low self-esteem. • C) low self-esteem and depression are caused by a third factor. • D) they are correlated but this does not prove causation. • E) they prove causation due to their strength of relationship.

32. 24. “The more you smile the happier you are” is an example of: Positive Correlation

33. 25. In order to prove a cause-and-effect relationship, we must use: • A) naturalistic observation. • B) the experimental method. • C) surveys. • D) correlation coefficients. • E) longitudinal studies

34. 26. Neither the researcher nor the subjects knew whether or not they received the drug studied or a placebo. This is an example of: • A) independent variables. • B) placebo effects. • C) a double-blind study. • D) a single blind study. • E) dependent variables

35. 27. Dr. Kno’ wants to investigate if aggressive behavior in children is increased if they view an adult hit a doll. In this instance, the independent variable is: • A) aggressive behavior. • B) the presence of an adult • C) adult hitting doll. • D) viewing the adult hitting the doll. • E) the doll

36. 28. A substance or condition that may be administered instead of a presumed active agent, such as a drug, to see if it triggers the same effects of the drug is called a Placebo

37. 29. The factor that is measured in an experiment is called Dependent variable

38. 21. __________________ said our libido travels to different areas of our body throughout our development. • A) Carl Rodgers • B) Sigmund Freud • C) Abraham Maslow • D) B.F. Skinner • E) William James

39. 22. __________________ was the leader in the structuralist movement.. • A) B.F. Skinner • B) William James • C) Sigmund Freud • D) Wilhelm Wundt • E) Carl Rodgers

40. 23: __________________ was the leader in the functionalist movement. • A) Wilhelm Wundt • B) Jean Piaget • C) Sir Francis Galton • D) William James • E) Carl Rodgers

41. 24. __________________ was a leader in the humanist movement: • A) Noam Chomsky. • B) Mary Calkins. • C) Carl Rodgers. • D) Sigmund Freud. • E) B. F. Skinner

42. 25. __________________ was a leader in behaviorist movement. • A) B.F. SKinner • B) H. Ebbinghaus • C) Jean Piaget • D) Carl Rodgers • E) Socrates

43. Name the four simple rules for ethics. • NO harm • Full Disclosure • Confidentiality • Debriefing