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Cognitive Psychology Chapter 2.1 The Cognitive Science Approach

Cognitive Psychology Chapter 2.1 The Cognitive Science Approach. Chapter 2.1. Sept 17, 2013. Outline Cognitive Science Seven Themes Measuring cognitive processing The information processing approach Cognitive Neuropsychology A Journey to the Center of Your Brain. Study Question.

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Cognitive Psychology Chapter 2.1 The Cognitive Science Approach

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  1. Cognitive Psychology Chapter 2.1 The Cognitive Science Approach

  2. Chapter 2.1 Sept 17, 2013 • Outline • Cognitive Science • Seven Themes • Measuring cognitive processing • The information processing approach • Cognitive Neuropsychology • A Journey to the Center of Your Brain Study Question. • Draw a flowchart representing the General Information Processor. Identify the components.

  3. The Cognitive Science Approach • Seven Themes • Attention • Automatic versus conscious processing • Data driven versus conceptually driven processing • Representation • Implicit versus Explicit Memory • Metacognition • Brain

  4. The Cognitive Science Approach 100 1500 Immediate recall Final recall 80 60 Reaction Time (ms) Accuracy 1400 40 20 0 1 10 5 15 Serial Position A canary can fly A canary can breath • Measuring Information Processes • The Factory Example (Gernsbacher) • Time and Accuracy • The sentence verification task, revisited • Memory and accuracy

  5. The Cognitive Science Approach • Measuring Information Processes • Trade-offs between accuracy and time. • E.g., A Neuro-enhancer is tested on mathematical ability RT (ms) Errors (%) Result A 900 800 15 5 Result B 900 800 15 15 Result C 900 900 15 5 Result D 900 800 5 15

  6. The Cognitive Science Approach Extreme accuracy emphasis Normal Instructions Max Theoretical Definition Accuracy Moderate speed Emphasis Extreme Speed emphasis Chance Fast Slow Response time • Measuring Information Processes • Trade-offs between accuracy and time.

  7. The Cognitive Science Approach S E L E C T I O N Short- term Memory F I L T E R R Pattern Recognition Sensory Memory S Long- term Memory • Information Processing Approach • The General Human Information Processor

  8. The Cognitive Science Approach • Information Processing Approach • Process Models -Hypotheses about the specific mental processes that take place when a particular task is performed. • E.g., Sternberg’s search task (Sternberg, 1966) • Memory set is presented (e.g., B V K G) • Probe item is presented (e.g., K) • Subject must indicate as whether letter was part of the memory set • Size of the memory set varies (e.g., from 1-6)

  9. The Cognitive Science Approach Results Serial self-terminating Serial exhaustive Parallel search • Information Processing Approach • Process Models -Hypotheses about the specific mental processes that take place when a particular task is performed

  10. The Cognitive Science Approach • Information Processing Approach • Assumptions underlying process models • Sequential stages of processing that occur on every trial • Serial processing • Independent and nonoverlapping • Any stage is assumed to be completed before the next stage begins

  11. The Cognitive Science Approach • Information Processing Approach • Difficulties • Parallel processing • Some processes may operate simultaneously • Context effects • Repetition and semantic priming • Other problems • Dependence on RT data • Do not work as well for higher level processes

  12. The Cognitive Science Approach Long Term Memory Attention Sensory Memory Short Term Memory S R • The Cognitive Science Approach • Updating the standard theory • Parallel Processing • Limits on strict sequential processing • Context • Bidirectional arrows

  13. The Cognitive Science Approach • Neurocognition • A journey to the center of your brain • Valiyanur Ramachandran <Video clip: Journey to the center of your brain>

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