Chapter 14

1. Chapter 14

2. Setting the Stage Between 1000 and 1300, agriculture, trade, and finance made progress Creativity also created a growth of learning, and the development of the university

3. Food Supply Expanding a civilization require an increase in food supply Farmers could now use land that had been to cold to grow crops

4. Food Supply For hundreds of year peasants had used oxen to pull plows, (they were easy to keep) Horses eventually replace oxen

5. Food Supply • Farmers began using a three field system • Farmers could grow crops on ¾ of their land instead of half of their land

6. Health With the increase in food production more crops could be grown Villagers had more to eat, and the food was better for them

7. Finance People from nearby manors came to town to trade cloth, bacon, salt, honey, cheese, wine, leather, and knives

8. Growth of Trade and Towns Trade was the lifeblood of new towns, which sprang up near ports and crossroads

9. Towns Towns were built crudely with small narrow streets There was no sewer, people dumped both animal and human waste into the streets

10. Learning The growing trade and cities bought a new interest in learning The universities that arose in western Europe were like none that had come before

11. Learning At a time when serious scholars were writing in Latin, some began to use vernacular

12. Learning The interest of learning sparked an interest in the ancient scholars The crusades brought Europeans into contact with Byzantines and Muslims