Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal

1. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal

2. Introduction Activity • Write a one paragraph first person account as if you were alive during the Great Depression. You may write from one of the following viewpoints: • 1. teenager living in a Hooverville with your family. • 2. parent living in Kansas during the Dust Bowl • 3. Republican congressman in office during the Great Depression • 4. Farmer in the south during the farm crisis

3. NEW DEAL TIMELINE

4. Warm-up/WYMK PG 125 • W-up questions: • Why would people want to vote for FDR in 1932? • If you had to guess the % that voted for FDR, what would it be? • WYMK: • What was the New Deal? • How did FDR affect the current presidents?

5. The area shaded in red represents the states that voted for Franklin D. Roosevelt. The blue areas represent the states that voted for Herbert Hoover.

6. FDR • New York Senate 1910 • Married Teddy’s niece Eleanor • Ran in the 1920 election, but lost • Contracted Polio in 1921 • Needed two years to increase muscle tone in order to walk again • In 1928 became governor of New York • Ran with the slogan “I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people”

7. 100 Days • Normally bills/laws can take years to pass • FDR got 15 passed within the first 100 days of his presidency • Used “fire-side chats” to inform the public of his actions • FDR used diverse ideas from a bi-partisan administration ½ republican ½ democratic ½ third party ; ) • Set a precedent for all future presidents

8. FDR’s “Fireside Chats” • Weekly radio addresses • Designed not only to inform, but also to calm Americans’ fears and concerns • Other presidents have used fireside chats, but with limited success

9. The Banking Crisis • Over 10,000 banks “failed” between 1929 – 1933 • Bank run – people pulling their money out of their bank • Declares a “Bank Holiday” – closed the banks for a period of days. Gov’t would inspect the banks.

10. Warm-up/WYMK PG 127 • Warm-up questions: • What happened in Roosevelt’s First 100 days? • What precedent did he set for future presidents? • WYMK: • What did the TVA do??

11. Banking Help • Both created by the Glass-Steagall Act • FDIC~ Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation • Insured bank deposits up to a certain dollar amount (has changed over the years) • SEC~ Securities and Exchange Commission • Regulates stock market and overseas trading fraud

13. The New Deal • The New Deal- FDR’s plan for relief

14. FDR and the New Deal • Deficit Spending • When the government spends more money than it has. Eventually this can lead to a national debt • Deficit spending was necessary to help revive the economy.

15. People • CCC~ Civilian Conservation Corps 1933-1942 • Offered jobs to 18-25 year olds to work in forestry to plant the “shelter belt” • Paid workers and their families for 6mo-1 yr. • Taught workers to read/write • FERA~ Federal Emergency Relief Administration • State and local agencies to provide relief for local people

16. People • PWA~ Public Works Administration • Hired construction companies to build • Highways • Dams • Sewer systems • Schools/government facilities • Ordered to hire African Americans • CWA~ Civil Works Administration 1933-1934 ($1B) • Hired workers directly • Built airports (1,000) • Roads (500,000 miles) • Schools (40,000) • Parks (3,500)

17. Problems for Farmers • Oscar Heline, farmer from Iowa, interviewed by Studs Terkel in Hard Times (1970) Grain was being burned. It was cheaper than coal. In South Dakota, the county elevator listed corn as minus three cents a bushel. If you wanted to sell them a bushel of corn, you had to bring in three cents. We had lots of trouble on the highway, people were determined to withhold produce from the market - livestock, cream, butter, eggs, what not. If they would dump the produce, they would force the market to a higher level. The farmers would man the highways and cream cans were emptied in ditches and eggs dumped out. They burned the Trestie Bridge, so the trains wouldn't be able to haul grain. Answer in complete sentences • What were some of the problems farmers faced in the early 1930s? • Why would farmers be dumping the cream, butter and eggs instead of selling it?

18. Farm Help • AAA~ Agriculture Adjustment Act • Paid farmers to NOT grow certain crops or animals • Critics: • thousands of poorer farmers lost money or land • this raised food prices during the depression. • Good Idea?

19. Industry 1933-1935 • NRA~ National Recovery Administration • Under the National Industry Recovery Act • Suspended laws about business in order for businesses to work together to create codes of fair competition • Codes; • Prices • Minimum wages • Two shifts per day • Unions

20. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) built dams and power plants to provide electricity to people in south

22. FDR’s First 100 Days- • Who is the person holding the medicine bag labeled “New Deal Remedies”? How did you know this? • What do all of the medicine bottles on the table represent?

23. Homework • Out of the Dust –reading and journal assignment