The Department of State A 3-D Perspective

1. The Department of State A 3-D Perspective Steven Goodwin Director Strategy & Operations Division Institute for National Strategic Studies Wednesday, July 15, 2009

2. Diplomats Defined “The function of a diplomatic envoy, since the 18th century, has been twofold – to observe and report to his government all which may concern it...and to affect the course of events in favor of his own country.” “A diplomat is a man who always remembers a woman's birthday but never remembers her age.”  ~Robert Frost “I must acknowledge, once and for all, that the purpose of diplomacy is to prolong a crisis.”  ~Star Trek, Mr. Spock

3. Agenda • Overview of the Department of State (DOS)/USAID • Department of State/USAID vs. Defense (Venus and Mars?) • Overseas Operations • Crisis Response

4. DOS in a Snapshot • U.S. maintains diplomatic relations with roughly 180 countries in the world today (North Korea, Somalia, and Iran not included) • U.S. has 260 diplomatic and consular missions abroad • About 11,000 FSOs staff those missions overseas and fill slots in the State Department

5. The Foreign Service Officer • “Tested” • Generalist • Career-Oriented • Dedicated • Move every 2-3 years

6. FSO “Cones” • Management Officers supervise the administrative and operational aspects of embassies and consulates • Consular Officers issue visas and protect Americans abroad • Economic Officers promote U.S. economic and trade interests abroad • Political Officers interpret events and situations related to U.S. interests • Public Diplomacy Officers manage public affairs and broaden understanding of American values and policies

7. The Foreign Service Specialist • “Untested” • Technical Specialist • Security - RSO • Engineering • Office Management • Administration • Move every 2-3 years

8. Civil Servants • “Untested” • ‘Fettered’ to Washington • Policy Expertise • Institutional Knowledge • Manage the Interagency Relationships in the Long Term

9. DOS - Mission Advance freedom for the benefit of the American people and the international community by helping to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world composed of well-governed states that respond to the needs of their people, reduce widespread poverty, and act responsibly within the international system.

10. DOS Strategic Goals • Protect America • Advance Global Interests • Promote Mutual Understanding

11. Protecting America • Countering Terrorism • Combating Proliferation • Homeland Security • Regional Stability • Visas – Immigration Security • International Crime • Economic Security • Assisting American Citizens Abroad

12. Advancing Global Interests • Promote Freedom and Democracy • Foreign Assistance • Supporting Human Rights • Sanctioning Rogue Nations • Transnational Issues: • Health – e.g., HIV/AIDS • Environment, Science, & Technology • Refugees, Migration, & Population

13. Promoting Mutual Understanding • Bilateral Diplomacy • Multilateral Diplomacy

14. USAID U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent federal government agency that receives overall foreign policy guidance from the Secretary of State. USAID supports long-term and equitable economic growth and advances U.S. foreign policy objectives by supporting: • economic growth, agriculture and trade; • global health; and, • democracy, conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance.

15. USAID & DoD • Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, & Humanitarian Assistance • Office of Military Affairs – policy coordination • Military Liaison Unit – operational coordination – (in the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance – OFDA) • USAID field offices

16. FY 2008 OFDA Disasters Declared Disasters: 81 DOD Disaster Response: 10 (~12%) 16

17. State and Defense Is it Venus and Mars?

18. Defense Active: 1,400,000 Reserve: 844,000 Civilian: 623,000 TOTAL: 2,867,000 State/USAID Foreign Service: 11,000 Civil Service: 8,000 FSNs (Local): 10,000 TOTAL: 29,000 The Numbers Game Part 1:Personnel OR 99 : 1 Does Not Include Contractors

19. Defense $664 Billion State/USAID $17 Billion (additional $37 Billion for assistance programs) Numbers Game Part 2: Operating Budgets OR 39 : 1

20. Defense Does Things Plans in Great Detail Redundant Staffing Strong Constituency Long Term View State Talks About Doing Plans… Understaffed No Constituency Tyranny of the Urgent Venus and Mars

21. Defense Overseas Base Small Town Gated Community Hospital Spouse Network Injury Medevac Walter Reed (or akin) Medical Retirement State Diplomatic Mission A group of buildings Guards at the Embassy Nurse ? Injury Medevac Your HMO Medical Profile Support Networks

22. U.S. Diplomatic Missions Civilian Agency Operations Abroad

23. Embassy Missions • Manage diplomatic relations • Implement foreign policy goals: treaties; agreements; programs • Promote trade ties, U.S. exports • Assist U.S. citizens overseas • Confront global challenges (thugs, drugs, environment, WMD) • Report on & analyze POL/ECON events

24. Organization • Embassy: Ambassador, represents the President (COM, Charge d’Affaires) • DCM (XO) • POL/ECON - COM • CONSULAR • ADMIN: RSO, Personnel, B&F • PD: PAO • MILGRP/DATT: Security Assistance, Intelligence • Others: DEA, INS, AID, AGR, Legatt

25. Subordinate Missions • Consulate General: Consul General • Consulate: Principal Officer, Consul • Accountable to the Ambassador, but are independent in reporting to Washington

26. DOS Crisis Response

27. State-DOD Crisis Cooperation • Conflict Resolution • Stability Operations • Peacekeeping Operations • Noncombatant Evacuation Operations • Humanitarian Crises (w/ USAID) • Terrorism Incidents

28. Department of State: USG Overseas Crisis Manager Department of State has primary responsibility for coordinating the USG response to non-military incidents that could have an adverse impact on the conduct of U.S. foreign relations -- Presidential Directive/NSC-27 (PD-27) January 19, 1978

29. DOS Crisis Response Process Crisis Assistant Secretary State Operations Center Executive Secretary

30. Task Force Creation Executive Secretary Assistant Secretary (Regional Bureau) Task Force Decision Director, Ops Center TF Director (DAS - Level) Participating Bureaus

31. TYPICAL STATE DEPARTMENT TASK FORCE STRUCTURE TF DIRECTOR (REGIONAL DAS ) TF COORDINATOR DEPUTY COORDINATOR POLICY SUPERVISION (REGIONAL BUREAU) FAMILY LIAISON CONSULAR AFFAIRS MGT POL-MIL LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS PUBLIC AFFAIRS DIPLOMATIC SECURITY STATE INTEL TF Mission: Expedite Communication TASK FORCE STAFF AUGMENTED BASED ON NATURE OF CRISIS

32. Task Force Coordination NMCC GCC Decision Makers DOS Task Force The Embassy Other Agencies

33. Civilian Response Corps Mission: To lead, coordinate and institutionalize U.S. Government civilian capacity to prevent or prepare for post-conflict situations, and to help stabilize and reconstruct societies in transition from conflict or civil strife, so they can reach a sustainable path toward peace, democracy and a market economy. • Active Component: 250 – 48 hr string • Standby Component (Federal): 2,000 – 30 day string • Reserve Component (Private Sector): TBD – 45-60 day string DOS, USAID, DOC, HHS, DOJ, DHS, USDA, & Treasury

34. The Diplomat & The Warrior “What’s the difference between the diplomat and the warrior? They both do nothing, but the warrior gets up very early in the morning to do it with great discipline, while diplomats do it late in the afternoon, in utter confusion.” LTG(ret.) Vernon Walters former Ambassador to the UN & Germany

35. Recommended Reading “Defense is from Mars State is from Venus,” Col. Rickey L. Rife Army War College, 1998

36. END