An infrared fuel saver that uses infrared to excite hydrocarbons for improved engine performance

1. Aninfrared fuel saverthat uses infrared to excite hydrocarbons for improved engine performance An invisible story FIR Fuel Activator ® Save fuelSave the Earth Aldi Far-IR Products, Inc. (U.S.A.)

2. Introduction In this presentation, we will show you • how infrared works to improve fuel combustion • how the underlying science is testified by academic • how the fuel saving effect is verified by accredited testing facilities, including an EPA-recognized lab and, last, but not least, • Why you need the FIR Fuel Activator to save fuel and reduce Greenhouse gas CO2 With all these scientific evidences, we hope to turn you from a skeptic to a believer.

3. An invisible story It’s invisible, but present …… In 1900 Max Planck introduced the concept of “Quanta,” but no one wouldaccept it until Einstein had proved it in 1905. It became today’s Quantum Mechanics. Likewise, Dr. Wey invented IR Fuel technology in 1998, but no one could appreciate it …… except a research team led byProfessor Handy atPurdue University.

4. Acknowledgement IR-excitation effect on improving fuel efficiency is real and does exist! Though being skeptical, Purdueresearch team took initiative to verify the underlying science of our IR technology in a scientific way, and found indeed As a result, they turn from a skeptic to a true believer. We really appreciate for their faith and support!

5. IR-Fuel Technology Review Technically speaking, we did not invent it, because all elements were already there: • In Organic Chemistry HC molecules are IR-active and absorb 3 – 20 μmIR photons causing vibrations. • In Photoselective Chemistry Lab dynamics studies have demonstrated increasing reactant vibrational energy is most effective at promoting reaction. • Known IR-Technology IR-Emitters have been widely used for agricultural applications in Japan.

6. Theoretical Model

7. It’s no secret … HC Molecules are IR-Activeand absorb infraredphotons in 3 - 20 μmwavelengths causing vibrations. Organic Chemists have been using IR-Absorption Spectral Analysis to identify unknown specimens for years. For example, if you give me a specimen with the following IR-absorption profile, I can tell you what the specimen is ……..

8. So, what is it? The following spectral info is called “Infrared Finger Prints” First, look at “Functional Group Zone”. It contains C-H bonds and O-H bond; it must be one of “alcohols” Now, look at “Signature Zone”. The -CH3 bond and -CH2 bond suggest it contains “ethane” So, it must be Signature Zone Functional Groups alcohol + ethane O–H stretching ethanol C–H stretching –CH3 bending C–H bending C2H5OH –CH2 bending H–Csp3 stretching C–C stretching 3 Wavelength, μm 6 10 20

9. From a Quantum Mechanic view absorbing IR photon causes molecular vibration. Using methane as an example, it absorbs IR at7.66 μmto jumptov4 orbit, causingbending vibration, and absorbs 3.32 μmIR to jumpto v3 orbit, causingstretching vibration. Asymmetric stretching v3 = 3012 cm-1 (3.32 μm) Bending v4 = 1305 cm-1 (7.66 μm) Molecular energy levels Energy level diagram

10. For your information molecules vibrate in 6 ways: Symmetrical Stretching Anti-symmetrical Stretching Scissoring Rocking Wagging Twisting

11. The consequence of Vibrations Let’s recall some concepts in Quantum Mechanics W = k e–E/RT Reaction Rate: K: constant T: Temperature Activation Barrier With IR-excitation, Ei Er HC molecule absorbs photons to increase vibrational states; IR-Excited HC molecule It reduces the activation energyEr required for overcoming Activation Barrier Regular HC Molecule so that the reaction rateW is increased. Therefore, IR-excitationcan increasechemical reaction rate Reaction Profile

12. Summary of IR-Excitation Model As presented above, it is scientifically predicable that IR-excitation increases oxidation rate of HC molecules and thus improves combustion efficiency of HC fuels. But, our next question is “Where to find such an IR-excitation source?” Actually, IR-emitters (8 – 20 μm) have been widely used in Japan for heating and drying agricultural produces since 1960s. All we needed to do was tailoring Japanese conventional 8 – 20 μm IR-emitters to 3 – 20 μm for our applications.

13. Dual-band IR-Emitter approach Conventional Japanese 8 – 20 μmIREmitter contains 2MgO.2Al2O3.5SiO2 We use a “dual-band” approach to cover the entire 3 – 20 μm range. but, we add zirconia to make a new 8 – 20 μmfar-IR Emitter We also add CoO to make a 3 – 14 μmmid-IR Emitter 8 – 20 μm far-IR Emitter 3 – 14 μm mid-IR Emitter

14. The key elements in IR-emitters The oxides of transition metals have such a unique property: Its constituent electrons can be thermally agitated to a neighboring higher energy level; When the excited electron returns to its initial level, it emits an IR photon in 3 - 20 μm wavelength, depending on the elements used. As such, the IR-emitter absorbs radiation heat and converts the heat into IR photons. No additional energy source is required and it lasts forever. Transition Metals

15. The Innovative Concept In engine applications, IR-Emitter serves as anenergy conversion system. It starts with placing IR-Emitters on a supply fuel line. Step 1: IR-Emitter absorbs engine heat. IR-Emitter Heat Energy Recycling IR-excited fuel combusts Efficiently In cylinders Step 2: IR-Emitter emits 3 – 20 μm IR. Step 3: IR excites HC molecules in fuel.

16. The “BIG IF” ……. Though the theoretical model sounds plausible, the key question often asked is …….. “How do I know if IR effect exists and works to improve fuel combustion efficiency?” A theory is incomplete if it can not be verified by experiment. Professor Handy and Purdue team suggested a foolproof, down-to-basics experimentation, using the well-studied Methane-Air Counter-flow Laminar Diffusion Flame analysis. It will be straightforward to demonstrate with this experiment IF…. IR-excitation really works on fuel. In October 2006, we took the challenge.

17. Experiments Of Combustion & Flame Science

18. Proving the Underlying Science Methane-Air Counter-Flow Flame Experiment Air at Zucrow Lab, Purdue University In the burner, Air flows from top duct, and Methane from the bottom. They meet at the center to form a laminar flame, when ignited. Flow = 10 cm/s Air Flame Laminar Flame X = 0 Methane Methane

19. Experimental set-up Microprobe Burner that can be moved across the flame to collect gas species samples for analysis For demonstrating the IR-effect, the fuel supply is controlled to flow through either mid-IR emitter far-IR emitter or Path 2: Methane to be IR-excited Fuel supply path control Path 1: Laminar Flame Regular methane

20. Gas Samples Analysis The collected gas species samples were analyzed at Zucrow Lab, Purdue University Species concentrations for O2, N2, CH4, CO, and, CO2, across the flame were measured using gas chromatography. Concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) were measured using chemiluminescence analysis. The measured results for IR-excited methane were compared to that of the benchmarking methane. The results and observations are presented as follows:

21. Observation (1): Faster combustion Comparing the measured results for Air N2 IR-Excited Regular X = 3 IR-Excited X = 2 N2 Baseline X = 0 Methane What had happened was IR-Excitation makes fuelmore combustible, burning faster and more completely; CH4 Baseline CH4 IR-Excited It reduces flame strain rate and lowers fuel flow momentum so that the flame is pushed down. Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct we found flame occurs faster

22. Observation (2): Less Fuel used The Fuel Consumption Ratecan be calculated by the formula: L: distance between the ducts (15 mm) ωCH4: volumetric consumption rate, moles/cm3/sec Comparing the measured IR-excited result to the Baseline, CH4 Baseline the Fuel Consumption Rate for IR-Excited fuel is computed to be 8% less CH4 IR-Excited than that of regular fuel. Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct

23. H2 + ½ O2 → H2O CO + ½ O2 → CO2 Observation (3): Less CO emission Measured CO and CO2 for Methane combustion chain reaction: CH4 + O → CH3 + OH O2 + CH3 → CH3OO CH4 + CH3OO → CH3 + CH3OOH CH3OOH→ CO + 2 H2 + O 2CH4 + O2 → 2CO + 4H2 CO2 Baseline CO Baseline CO2 IR-Excited CO IR-Excited The measurements showed Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct because IR-Excitedfuel combusts faster and more completely, CO is a precursor of CO2 the peak CO & CO2emissions are 25% less, CH4 + O2 → CO + H2 + H2O compared to regular fuel.

24. Observation (4): Less NO emissions The NO measurements for Theemission index can be calculated by NO Baseline NO IR-Excited Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct MJ : molecular weight ωJ: volumetric production rate It shows less NO emissions produced with IR-excited fuel. Thermal NO formation is slower than fuel combustion; The NO Emission index for IR-Excited fuel is computed to be 15% less than that of regular fuel. With a faster combustion, there is less time for NO to form.

25. Summary of Observations The experimental results suggest the key effect of IR-excitation on fuel combustion is: IR-Excitation makes fuel combust faster and more completely that results in • LessFuel Consumption Rate • LessCOandCO2emissions, and • LessNOemissions Thanks to Purdue’s experimental verification, the IR-Excitation effect on Fuel is scientifically proven and can be explained by known science principles.

26. Further Verification on Engines To confirm above findings and verify the effect of the IR-excitation on engine performance, namely increasing fuel efficiency reducing fuel consumption reducing CO & NO emissions numerous tests have been performed on various fuels and engines in labs, as presented in the following:

27. Engine StandTests

28. GM Quad-4 Gas Engine Tested at Engine Lab, Purdue University on a GM Quad-4, 4 cyl. 2.4 L gasoline engine Measured Specific Fuel Consumption(unit: lb/hp-hr) Baseline 0.8369 0.8381 0.8072 w/ FIR 0.7839 0.7852 0.7693 Change - 6.8 % - 6.7 % - 5.0% Baseline IR-Excited Results: FIR reduced 6.2% specific fuel consumption

29. NO & CO Emissions of Propane tested at Engine Lab, Purdue University on a single-cylinder enigne with propane fuel PowerTek Single Cylinder Dynomometer COMeasurement (ppm) 13 in3 7.5 HP Baseline 542 1051 1596 with FIR 468 820 1472 Change -13.7% -22.0% -7.8% average reduced 14.5% NOMeasurement (ppm) Baseline 254 95 37 with FIR 247 79 33 Change -2.8% -16.8% -10.8% average reduced 10.2% Result: FIR simultaneously reduced CO and NO emissions

30. CombustionCompleteness Tested at the University of Michigan-Dearborn using CO as an indicator of combustion completeness on aChrysler 2.5 L, 4-cyl. Engine at 1,800 RPM with a 20 ft-lb load and A/F ratio maintained at 14.7:1 CO counts (ppm) real time scanplot Baseline Prof. Keshav Varde IR-excited Nicolet FT-IR Exhaust Emissions Analyzer Result: FIR reduced CO 30 % (i.e. more complete combusiton)

31. Vehicle Tests

32. Proposed Engine Application This is what we expect: • HC molecules traversing thru the fuel line are excited, raising vibrational states to lower activation barrier and increase combustibility. • IR-Emitters are retrofitted to the supply fuel line, absorbing engine heat to emit IR photons. • IR-Excited fuel burns faster in cylinders, allocating more heat to do work and less heat loss to raise exhaust gas temperature (EGT). • IR-Excited fuel increases power, with lower specific fuel combustion and less HC, CO, NOx, and CO2emissions.

33. Heat Release in Cylinders IR-excitation improves engine performance on the basis of that it changes heat allocation in engine cylinders. Heat Release KJ / c.a. deg. With IR-excited diesel, more heat is released within 15o TDC to do mechanical work IR-excited diesel and less heat released in later cycle as heat loss for heatingexhaust gas(EG) regular diesel Crank Angle, deg. Result: increased power and reduced specific fuel consumption

34. Torque/Power Dyno Test at Carburatori Bergamo, ITALY on 7/20/2007 2004 Alfa Romeo 147 JTD 1900cc Multi-jet turbo-diesel 4 cyl., 110 kW @4000 rpm Odometer: 110,000 km Measured Power at 6th Gear (ratio 0.614:1) with FIR Baseline Result: FIR increased torque & power significantly

35. U.S. EPA Standard Test tested at AutoResearch Lab (Harvey, IL), an EPA-recognized Lab on a V8, 4.6L Mercury Grand Marquis at 16,300 odometer mileage FTP– Federal Test Procedure (City Driving) Baseline 0.208 2.709 0.362 520.74 16.98 With FIR 0.130 1.776 0.196 438.29 20.22 Change - 37.5% - 34.4% - 45.9% - 15.8%+ 19.1% HFET– Highway Fuel Economy Test Baseline 0.084 1.227 0.342 330.39 26.84 With FIR 0.069 0.993 0.280 281.41 31.52 Save Fuel Reduce CO2 Change - 17.9% - 19.1% - 18.1% - 14.6%+ 17.4% Result: FIR increased fuel economy and reduced all emissions

36. Diesel Emissions: NOx & Smoke tested atShanghai Vehicle Performance Testing Center Iveco Motor Co. (Nanjing, China) 4.2 Ton Light-Duty Pickup 4 cyl. 2.8 L Diesel Engine (max. 78 KW) with a 60 Nm load (a) NOx Emissions,ppm Baseline 642 567 505 431 With FIR 598 530 463 410 Change - 6.8% - 6.5% - 8.3% - 4.6% - 6.6% (b) Smoke Emissions, % Opacity Baseline 16.6 15.8 10.6 6.6 With FIR 12.4 11.2 7.3 6.0 Change - 25.3% - 29.1% - 31.1% - 9.1% - 23.7% Result: FIR simultaneously reduced smoke and NOx.

37. School Bus Road Tests Greenwood Community Schools(Indiana) 2004 International School Bus CE VT365 diesel engine V8, 6.0 L with EVRT The re-fueling records indicated FIR installed on 10/14/05 FIR removed on 5/8/06 6.23 5.67 mpg 5.40 Baseline Result: FIR improved fuel economy 12%

38. Diesel Trucks Fleet Test Heritage Transport, LLC. (Indianapolis, Indiana) Cummins ISX475 15 L, 475 HP HD diesel engine 4 sets FIR installed 2005 Kenworth T600A Tractor Truck #2066 serves as Controller, no FIR installed 5/12/07 Baseline MPG 6.84 6.20 6.84 6.57 7.88 6.51 6/13 – 11/9 w/FIR MPG6.67 6.69 7.38 7.26 8.19 7.05 Drive Distance, miles 50560 49689 40487 46912 46608 36054 Fuel Used, gallons 7922 7430 5486 6459 5692 5114 30181 MPG Change %-2.5%7.9% 7.9% 10.6% 4.0% 8.4% 7.8% Fuel Saved, gallonsno FIR587 433 685 228 430 2363 Result: FIR saved 7.8% fuel, or 105 gallons per tractor per month

39. Your own test counts … We have many test results to share with you. Also, we have numerous satisfied users like Mr. Suma Orazio, a taxi driver in Milano, Italy. However, prove it to yourself, your own test counts! FTC Warning: FTC Act 15 USC §41 et seq. prohibits deceptive marketing practices, including false and unsubstantiated advertising. Our claims have been verified by FTC for compliance.

40. Conclusion

41. IR is a proven technology • Using IR photons shorter than 20 μm to excite hydrocarbons for improved combustion efficiency is scientifically predictable. • IR-Excited fuels burn faster, resulting inreduced fuel consumption rate andless CO & NO emissions. • We have developed IR-Emitters that absorb radiation heat and emit 3 – 20 μm wavelength IR photons. • The underlying science of IR-excitation effect on fuel is verified by methane-air counter-flow flame experiments • Engine/vehicle test results have demonstrated the IR-Effect on increasing engine efficiency, with • Increased torque/power • Improved fuel economy (up to 20% ) • Reduced emissions (up to 46% )

42. Product Features Imagine such a simple device can do so much for you and our environment?! • Save fuel (8 – 10%) and reduce same % Greenhouse Gas CO2 • Reduce all tailpipe emissions (up to 40%) • Increase power/torque (smoother engine) • Easy installation in minutes • Inexpensive one time investment and maintenance free • Lower vehicle maintenance costs, due to less carbon deposits on engine parts and oil Too good to be true? Until you have tried it yourself. Then, you know it is true!

43. Thank You Dr. Albert Wey (the Inventor) Aldi Far-IR Products, Inc. (USA) e-mail: awey@allways.net An Invisible Story Together we can easeGlobal Warming. Can you ask for anything better than this? Please give infrared a chance to prove itself Contact Information: